Based on a modified mixed layer depth (MLD) calculation method and ocean reanalysis datasets, the second leading empirical orthogonal function (EOF) mode (EOF-2) of North Pacific winter MLD anomalies is investigated, which shows robust spatial pattern in three datasets with opposite phases Kuroshio Extension region central east region. The results presented this study are from SODA 2.2.4. expla...

Atomic mixing and preferential sputtering impose a depth resolution limit on the use of sputter sectioning to measure the composition of metal-semiconductor interfaces. Experimental evidence obtained with the Pt-Si system is used to .demonstrate ion-induced atomic mixing and then its effect on sputter etching and depth profiling. Starting with discrete layer structures, a relatively low ion dos...

The thickness of the entrainment zone at the top of the atmospheric mixed layer is analyzed using measurements made with a ground-based lidar during the BLX-83 and CIRCE field programs. When the entrainment-zone depth normalized by mixed-layer depth is plotted as a function of the entrainment rate normalized by the convective velocity scale, with time as a parameter, a hysteresis curve results....

A hierarchy of hydrodynamical instabilities controlling the transfer of buoyancy through the oceanic mixed layer is reviewed. If a resting ocean of horizontally uniform stratification is subject to spatially uniform buoyancy loss at the sea surface, then gravitational instability ensues in which buoyancy is drawn from depth by upright convection. But if spatial inhomogeneities in the ambient st...

The present report studies synoptic-scale variations of the polar air-mass transformed over the Japan Sea, during the ‘‘East Japan Sea Observation’’ in the winters of 1976 and 1977. Rawinsonde observation data at a research vessel are used, in addition to data at operational upper observation stations and the objective analysis data. The multi-layer structure of the transformed air-mass, includ...

The mechanism and sensitivity of the lagged response of tropical tropospheric temperature to El Niño– Southern Oscillation (ENSO) SST forcing are examined using the Quasi-Equilibrium Tropical Circulation Model (QTCM) coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean model, along with a simple analytical model. It is found that the lag and amplitude of tropospheric temperature response depend on mixed layer d...

The effect of ocean mixed layer depth on climate is explored in a suite of slab ocean aquaplanet simulations with different mixed layer depths ranging from a globally uniform value of 50–2.4 m. In addition to the expected increase in the amplitude of the seasonal cycle in temperature with decreasing ocean mixed layer depth, the simulated climates differ in several less intuitive ways including ...