BACKGROUND Intravenous anesthetics used during perioperative periods affect the vascular signaling molecules and the vascular reactivity. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an angiogenesis factor produced in and secreted from aortic smooth muscle cells, is a specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells. This study investigated the effects of various intravenous anesthetics on VEGF re...

BACKGROUND A pain-free postoperative period is essential following a caesarean section so new mothers may care for and bond with their neonates. Intrathecal adjuvants are often administered during this procedure to provide significant analgesia, but they may also have bothersome side effects. Intrathecal midazolam produces effective postoperative analgesia with no significant side effects. OB...

BACKGROUND Emergence agitation after sevoflurane anesthesia in children can be prevented by midazolam. Alternative splicing of the GABA(A) receptor changes with age. Therefore, we hypothesized that alternative splicing of the γ2 subunit affects the GABA current when applying sevoflurane and midazolam. METHODS We performed the whole-cell patch clamp technique on human embryonic kidney 293 cell...

PURPOSE Midazolam has been used clinically as a sedative and as an anaesthetic induction agent. However, the bronchodilating effects of midazolam have not been comprehensively evaluated. We sought to determine relaxant effects of midazolam on the airway. METHODS After our Animal Care Committee approved the study, eight mongrel dogs were anaesthetized with 30 mg.kg-1 pentobarbitone iv, and wer...

The aim of this study was to determine whether intranasal midazolam is a safe and effective rescue medication in adolescent and adult patients with severe epilepsy. This field trial was designed to test the feasibility of the use of intranasal midazolam as an alternative to rectal diazepam in a cohort of patients with severe epilepsy who require rescue medication as part of their treatment. A d...

STUDY OBJECTIVES To determine whether sedation with propofol would lead to shorter times to tracheal extubation and ICU length of stay than sedation with midazolam. DESIGN Multicenter, randomized, open label. SETTING Four academic tertiary-care ICUs in Canada. PATIENTS Critically ill patients requiring continuous sedation while receiving mechanical ventilation. INTERVENTIONS Random allo...

BACKGROUND Oral midazolam is widely used for preoperative sedation in children. We have studied the pharmacokinetics (PK) of both midazolam and its active 1-hydroxy metabolite and their contributions to sedative effect in 45 children attending for day surgery. METHODS Blood samples (two per individual) were collected at the beginning and end of the surgical procedure. Plasma midazolam and 1-h...

The effect of hypothermia on the in vivo pharmacokinetics of midazolam was evaluated, with a focus on altered metabolism in the liver and binding to serum proteins. Rat primary hepatocytes were incubated with midazolam (which is metabolized mainly by CYP3A2) at 37, 32 or 28 °C. The Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of midazolam were estimated using the Michaelis-Menten ...

Background: In this study, we compared the efficacy and safety of propofol and midazolam in treatment of children’s refractory status epilepticus. Methods: We recruited 32 patients with refractory status epilepticus. Of those, 16 were treated primarily with midazolam and 16 received propofol. Results: We achieved complete seizure control in 6 (38%) patients treated by midazolam, and in 10 (63%)...

BACKGROUND Postoperative nausea and vomiting is a common complication following strabismus surgery. This randomized and double-blind study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of midazolam alone or in combination with dexamethasone in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus repair. METHODS One hundred ASA I children, aged 4-12 yr, schedul...