Pesticides associated with the turfgrass industry have been detected in storm runoff and surface waters of urban watersheds, invoking concern of their potential environmental effects and a desire to reduce their transport to nontarget locations. Quantities of chlorpyrifos, dicamba, dimethylamine salt of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), flutolanil, and mecoprop-p (MCPP) transported in run...

Since the synthesis of 2,4-D, a number of other synthetic auxins have become commercially available. Although these products are referred to as growth regulators or phytohormones (previously known as plant hormones), they really represent only one group of growth regulators, the auxins. Auxins can be divided into six major groups; indole acids, naphthalene acids, phenoxy carboxylic acids, benzo...

Pesticides have been analyzed in 28 grab samples of untreated and 12 samples of treated leachate from eight Norwegian municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills, over a period of 10 years, with the purpose to screen for compounds and to evaluate the removal in different treatment systems. Also 1 grab samples of leachate sediments is included. A total of 12 compounds were detected. The most frequentl...

BACKGROUND Higher exposure to certain phthalates is associated with a diabetes and insulin resistance, with sex differences seen. Yet, little is known about the association between phthalates and metabolic syndrome (MetS), particularly with consideration for differences by sex and menopausal status. METHODS We analyzed data from 2719 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examinati...

Mineralization potentials, rates, and kinetics of the three phenoxy acid (PA) herbicides, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), and 2-(4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy)propanoic acid (MCPP), were investigated and compared in 15 soils collected from five continents. The mineralization patterns were fitted by zero/linear or exponential growth forms of the thr...

Individuals with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are impulsive and show impairment in reinforcement processing. There is increasing evidence for a neurobiological basis of psychopathy, which shares some of the characteristics of ASPD, but research on the neuronal correlates of neuropsychological processes in ASPD remains limited. Furthermore, no research has examined the effects of serot...

Combined sewer overflows (CSO), generated during the wet weather flow from combination of inflow and stormwater runoff in system, result an overflow untreated wastewater which might ultimately contain different micropollutants (MPs). In this study, a coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation (CFS) pretreated CSO spiked with MPs was treated by catalytic ozonation using carbon, iron, peroxide-based ...

BACKGROUND Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine disrupting chemicals associated with diabetes. Although women and minorities are more likely to be exposed to phthalates, no prior studies have examined phthalate exposure and markers of diabetes risk evaluating effect modification by gender and race/ethnicity. METHODS We analyzed CDC data for 8 urinary phthalate metabolites from 3,083 non-diabet...

Gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) is a drug with abuse potential, popularly known as "liquid ecstasy". It is an endogenous compound of the mammalian brain which satisfies many of the criteria for consideration as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. In this study, the effects of acute administration of GHB (40, 80 and 120 mg/kg, ip) on anxiety, tested in the light/dark box, were examined in male...

Recent evidence indicates that when 1-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)piperazine (TFMPP) is used as a training drug in the drug discrimination paradigm it produces a stimulus effect that is site-selective at the 5-HT1B receptor. The present study sought to employ this procedure in order to assess the similarity of novel agents to TFMPP. First, rats were trained to reliably discriminate between the sti...