Soil ingestion by children is an important pathway in assessing public health risks associated with exposure to arsenic-contaminated soils. Soil chemical methods are available to extract various pools of soil arsenic, but their ability to measure bioavailable arsenic from soil ingestion is unknown. Arsenic extracted by five commonly used soil extractants was compared with bioavailable arsenic m...

The investigation of biological activities natural products, particularly considering the secondary metabolites, continuously receives attention. Urolithins, bioavailable metabolites ellagitannins, were shown to possess enzyme inhibitor, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory compounds in scientific studies conducted last two decades. Regarding limited number related their antimicrobial activity, t...

OBJECTIVE Some evidence suggests an inverse association between type 2 diabetes and androgens in men and a positive association between type 2 diabetes and androgens in women. The purpose of this community-based study was to evaluate sex differences in the association between endogenous total and bioavailable estrogen and testosterone levels and glucose tolerance status. RESEARCH DESIGN AND M...

In 1997, the prevalence of anaemia was 40.9 % among children aged 6-59 months in the State of Pernambuco, north-east Brazil. Using the same sample of children, we have investigated possible reasons for this high prevalence. A representative sample was selected through a three-stage process: proportional systematic random sampling of municipalities in the State, systematic random sampling of cen...

CONTEXT The relationship between sex steroids and fracture is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine associations between nonvertebral fracture risk and bioavailable estradiol (bioE2), bioavailable testosterone (bioT), and SHBG. DESIGN This was a case-cohort study. SETTING The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study (MrOS) was conducted in a prospective U.S. co...

LFA-1 (CD18,CD11a) is a cell-adhesion molecule that mediates critical immunological processes. In this paper we report the discovery and characterization of (R)-5-(4-bromobenzyl)-3-(3, 5-dichlorophenyl)-1,5-dimethylimidazolidine-2,4-dione (BIRT 377), an orally bioavailable small molecule that interacts specifically with LFA-1 via noncovalent binding to the CD11a chain and prevents LFA-1 from bi...

Address for correspondence Mr. Arshad Bashir Khan, Associate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutics, Krupanidhi College of Pharmacy, #12/1, Chikkabellandur Village, Carmelaram Post Varthur Hobli, Bangalore-560035, India. Phone No: 9740379897 E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Purpose: This review article focuses on providing updated information about targeting the nasal mucosa for drug delivery....

Cryptorchism is one of the few well-described risk factors for testicular cancer. It has been suggested that both conditions are related to increased in utero estrogen exposure. The evidence supporting the "estrogen hypothesis" has been inconsistent, however. An alternative hypothesis suggests that higher in utero androgen exposure may protect against the development of cryptorchism and testicu...

Flooding/waterlogging is a major factor responsible for hypoxic stress in agriculture. The aim of this study was to develop an effective oxygen buffer with magnesium peroxide (MgO2) to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and release bioavailable oxygen. MgO2 provided a relatively stable level (approx. 300 mM) of bioavailable oxygen. The oxygen-buffer system is adjustable and controllable by addin...