The forced degradation study of lidocaine HCl was carried out according to the ICH guideline Q1A (R2). The degradation conditions were assessed to be hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis and dry heat during 24 h, 48 h and 72 h and then the samples were investigated by GC-FID method and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. According to these results, the degradation products were not o...

BACKGROUND Amitriptyline is effective in relieving neuropathic pain. Its site of action is thought to be supraspinal and spinal, but a peripheral effect on fibers is also suggested. METHODS This double-blind study examined the effects of transcutaneous amitriptyline diluted in hydroalcoholic solution in healthy young male volunteers. Six treatments were randomly applied on different areas of ...

OBJECTIVES This study compared the effect of local pressure and topical lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) cream on pain during infiltration injection for maxillary canine teeth. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 140 volunteer students participated in this split-mouth design randomized clinical trial. The subjects were randomly divided into four groups (n = 35). Before administration of anesthesia, i...

Much effort has been devoted to the synthesis of novel nanostructured MnO2 materials because of their unique properties and potential applications as cathode catalyst in Microbial fuel cell. Hybrid MnO2 nanostructures were fabricated by a simple hydrothermal method in this study. Their crystal structures, morphology, and electrochemical characters were carried out by FESEM, N2-adsorption-desorp...

Genuine multipartite nonlocality (GMN) has been recognized as the strongest form of multipartite quantum correlation. However, there exist states that cannot violate the Svetlichny inequality derived from the standard definition of GMN, even though they possess GMN properties. The reason is that the standard definition of GMN allows correlations that permit signalling among parties, which is in...