intrOdUctiOn Emergency physicians must be comfortable and confident in providing safe and effective procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA). Goals of PSA include providing an adequate level of sedation while minimizing pain and anxiety, maximizing amnesia, minimizing the potential for adverse drug-related events, controlling behavior, and maintaining a stable cardiovascular and respiratory stat...

Abstract Background Perioperative pain management following cervical rib excision can be compounded in the background of chronic disorder caused by neurovascular compression. The former mandates an enhanced analgesic requirement wherein perioperative opioid use, particular, associated with a peculiar adverse-effect profile and abuse potential. Appropriate to context, opioid-free anesthesia (OFA...