Abstract The underlying mechanisms for Arctic sea ice decline can be categories as those directly related to changes in atmospheric circulations (often referred dynamic mechanisms) and the rest (broadly characterized thermodynamic processes). An attribution analysis based on self-organizing maps (SOM) method is performed determine relative contributions from these two types of August–October du...

Abstract Using observation, reanalysis and model datasets, the impact of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on winter precipitation in southern China is re-examined. The results show that positive correlation between ENSO after 1995 significantly higher than before 1995. Significant located mainly over coastal areas 1995, whereas extends northward to Yangtze River basin These changes relations...

Abstract Most of Australia was in severe drought from 2018 to early 2020. Here we link this the Pacific and Indian Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) modes associated with Central (CP) El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Dipole (IOD). Over last 20 years, occurrence frequency CP Niño has increased. This study extends previous understanding eastern (EP) Niño-Australian rainfall teleconnections, ...