George Bunn, the first general counsel of the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, served on the U.S. delegation that negotiated the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons and later became a U.S. ambassador to the Geneva disarmament conference. He is now working on nuclear nonproliferation problems as a consulting professor at the Stanford University Center for International Se...

Nuclear weapons pose a grave threat to the health of children. The Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, which for almost 40 years has limited the spread of nuclear weapons, is in danger of unraveling. At the 2000 Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty Review Conference, 180 countries, including the United States, agreed on 13 practical steps to implement Article VI of the treaty, which calls for nuclear d...

A process-centered software engineering environment (PSEE) enables to model, evolve, and enact the process of software development and maintenance. This paper addresses the problem of process-interoperability among decentralized and autonomous PSEEs by presenting the generic International Alliance model, which consists of two elements, namely Treaty and Summit. The Treaty abstraction allows pai...

The Arctic Council in a formal treaty based organization among the eight Arctic Countries (Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, the Russian Federation, Sweden and the United States of America.) with permanent participation by the six indigenous peoples organizations of the Arctic (Aleut International Association, Arctic Athabaskan Council, Gwich'in Council International, Inuit Circumpolar...

Abstract On 2 March 2022, the United Nations Environment Assembly to Program ( UNEP ) requested Executive Director of convene an international negotiating committee towards negotiation legally binding instrument on plastics by 2024. This article examines some proposed elements such and outlines next steps that can be expected in negotiations. It also reflects results ad hoc open-ended working g...

We introduce an international technology treaty (‘Tech Treaty’) that couples the funding of research for a more advanced abatement with emissions permit market. While each country decides on domestic issuance, fraction these permits is auctioned by agency. Auction revenues scale up license innovators technologies. show such increases innovations and decreases under plausible conditions compared...