PURPOSE The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN) and associated characteristics among type 2 diabetic mellitus (DM2) patients in Passo Fundo, a city on Southern Brazil. BASIC PROCEDURES A cross-sectional study was conducted with 340 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Tests were performed to evaluate vibration (tuning fork), light touc...

Influences exerted by tactile stimuli on the muscle activity were investigated with two methods: (1) analysis of kinematics and electromyographic (EMG) activity of eight forelimb muscles during contact placing (CP) reactions elicited by tactile stimuli applied to the dorsal, medial or lateral sides of the paw in cats, and (2) the Hoffmann (H)-reflex technique to quantify the effects of the tact...

Presynaptic modulation of Ia afferents converging onto the motor neuron pool of the extensor carpi radialis (ECR) was compared during contractions (20% of maximal force) sustained to failure as subjects controlled either the angular position of the wrist while supporting an inertial load (position task) or exerted an equivalent force against a rigid restraint (force task). Test Hoffmann (H) ref...

The aim of this study was to determine how muscle activity and body orientation contribute to the triceps surae spinal transmission modulation, when moving from a sitting to a standing position. Maximal Hoffmann-reflex (Hmax) and motor potential (Mmax) were evoked in the soleus (SOL), medial and lateral gastrocnemius in 10 male subjects and in three conditions, passive sitting, active sitting a...

OBJECTIVES This study examined the neural adaptations associated with a low-volume Wingate-based High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT). METHODS Fourteen recreationally trained males were divided into an experimental (HIIT) and a control group to determine whether a short-term (4 weeks) Wingate-based HIIT program could alter the Hoffmann (H-) reflex, volitional (V-) wave and maximum voluntar...

Plastic neural changes have been documented in relation to different types of physical activity, but little is known about central nervous system plasticity accompanying reduced physical activity and immobilization. In the present study we investigated whether plastic neural changes occur in relation to 1 wk of immobilization of the nondominant wrist and hand and a corresponding period of recov...

Unambiguous identification of esters as oligomers in secondary organic aerosol formed from cyclohexene and cyclohexene/α-pinene ozonolysis L. Müller, M.-C. Reinnig, J. Warnke, and T. Hoffmann Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Institut für anorganische Chemie und analytische Chemie, Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz, Germany Received: 2 August 2007 – Accepted: 9 September 2007 – Published: 26 Septembe...