Attenuated Salmonella strains are currently being evaluated as live vectors for the delivery of heterologous antigens to the mammalian mucosal and systemic immune systems. An approach to improving the stability of heterologous antigen expression during vaccination is to drive expression of the foreign protein from promoters, e.g. nirB, that become activated when Salmonella enter the host. Salmo...

Heterologous expression has become a powerful tool for studying microbial biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). Here, we extend the transformation-associated recombination cloning and heterologous expression platform for microbial BGCs to include Gram-negative proteobacterial expression hosts. Using a broad-host-range expression platform, we test the implicit assumption that biosynthetic pathways ...

BACKGROUND In Escherichia coli many heterologous proteins are produced in the periplasm. To direct these proteins to the periplasm, they are equipped with an N-terminal signal sequence so that they can traverse the cytoplasmic membrane via the protein-conducting Sec-translocon. For poorly understood reasons, the production of heterologous secretory proteins is often toxic to the cell thereby li...

Abstract In plants high affinity transport proteins mediate the essential of ammonium across membranes. Arabidopsis thaliana six these AMmonium Transporters (AMTs) are encoded by genome. All them show a unique expression pattern. While most AMTs highly expressed in root, AtAMT1;4 is limited to pollen grains and tube. Here, we addressed characteristics heterologous Xenopus laevis oocytes system....

Heterologous gene expression draws resources from host cells. These include vital components to sustain growth and replication, the resulting cellular burden is a widely recognized bottleneck in design of robust circuits. In this tutorial we discuss use computational models that integrate circuits physiology Through various cases, illustrate power host–circuit predict impact parameters on both ...

It is possible to use transgenic plants, as bioreactors, for the production of recombinant inexpensive chemicals and drug components. Transient gene expression is an appropriate alternative to stable transformation because it allows an inexpensive and rapid method for expression of recombinant proteins in plant tissues. In recent years, plant viral vectors have been increasingly developed as su...

Horizontal gene transfer by transposition has been widely used for transgenesis in prokaryotes. However, conjugation has been preferred for transfer of large transgenes, despite greater restrictions of host range. We examine the possibility that transposons can be used to deliver large transgenes to heterologous hosts. This possibility is particularly relevant to the expression of large seconda...

Recently, the Aspergillus terreus terrein gene cluster was identified and selected for development of a new heterologous expression system. The cluster encodes the specific transcription factor TerR that is indispensable for terrein cluster induction. To identify TerR binding sites, different recombinant versions of the TerR DNA-binding domain were analyzed for specific motif recognition. The h...

Another important factor required for desired expression of a heterologous gene is the choice of correct host system as explained above. Mammalian cells as hosts for heterologous expression is best for the expression of human genes but unfortunately this is associated with low yields, high cost and long generation times. On the other hand prokaryotic system, although results in high protein yie...

Olfactory receptors expressed in heterologous cells often suffer from retention in the endoplasmic reticulum and poor trafficking to the plasma membrane. Interactions of the olfactory receptor M71 with several subtypes of adrenergic and purinergic receptors can alleviate M71 trafficking deficits in heterologous cells and allow for robust M71 plasma membrane expression. Furthermore, the signalin...