cell cultures of varthemia persica dc. have been studied to evaluate their abilities in biotransformation of aromatic and aliphatic precursors. v. persica (asteraceae) is an aromatic plant growing in iran. v. persica contain different terpens but its cell culture does not posses these compounds. callus cultures of v. persica was established from seedlings and healthy suspensions were grown usin...

Microbial steroid biotransformation have found wide-reaching application for the production of more precious and functionalized compounds due to their high regio-and stereoselectivity. In this study, the possibility of using filamentous fungi Aspergillus brasiliensis cells in the biotransformation of progesterone (I), a C-21 steroid hormone was studied for the first time.The fungal strain was i...

In this review, a wide array of bioaccumulation markers and biomarkers, used to demonstrate exposure to and effects of environmental contaminants, has been discussed in relation to their feasibility in environmental risk assessment (ERA). Fish bioaccumulation markers may be applied in order to elucidate the aquatic behavior of environmental contaminants, as bioconcentrators to identify certain ...

In vivo dietary bioaccumulation experiments for 85 hydrophobic organic substances were conducted to derive the in vivo gastrointestinal biotransformation rates, somatic biotransformation rates, bioconcentration factors (BCF), and biomagnification factors (BMF) for improving methods for bioaccumulation assessment and to develop an in vivo biotransformation rate database for QSAR development and ...

therapeutic applications due to its several pharmacological activities. In humans, ASA is rapidly hydrolyzed to salicylic acid (SA) by nonspecific enzymes found in many tissues. ASA is eliminated from the body by renal excretion and by hepatic biotransformation to salicyluric acid (SUA) and gentisic acid (GA). ASA dosage is determined by the accumulation of the metabolite SA, which has a longer...

Assessment of the impact of environmental chemicals on androgen homeostasis in rodent models is confounded by high intraindividual and interindividual variability in circulating testosterone levels. Our goal was to evaluate changes in testosterone biotransformation processes as a measure of androgen homeostasis and as a biomarker of exposure to androgen-disrupting chemicals. Sex-specific differ...

Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) is used in the treatment of angina pectoris and cardiac failure, but the rapid onset of GTN tolerance limits its clinical utility. Research suggests that a principal cause of tolerance is inhibition of an enzyme responsible for the production of physiologically active concentrations of NO from GTN. This enzyme has not conclusively been identified. However, the mitochon...

The effects of aqueous Azadirachta indica leaf extract (AAILE) on benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced forestomach tumorigenesis, B(a)P-DNA adduct formation and certain parameters of carcinogen biotransformation system in mice have been reported earlier from our laboratory. In this study, the effects of AAILE on the enzymes of B(a)P biotransformation, which play crucial role in initiation of chemical...

The in vitro N-hydroxylation of guanabenz as well as the corresponding N-dehydroxylation of guanoxabenz has been previously detected in biotransformation studies with microsomal fractions of different species including human hepatic microsomes. Furthermore, the N-hydroxylation of guanabenz was found to be catalyzed by enriched cytochrome P450 (P450) fractions in reconstituted systems. Strong co...