In 1835, Donne (1) reported that although he found the saliva normally alkaline to litmus, he had found it acid in many diseases, including encephalitis. In 1844, Wright (2) attempted to elaborate a diagnostic system of salivary analysis. About the same time, Simon (3) wrote at length on “morbid saliva” as distinct from “normal.” Among other studies of a similar character were those of Binet (4...

Last month Richard Smith, former editor of The BMJ , wrote an opinion piece1 praising Ministry Bodies ,2 a book by the Irish gastroenterologist Seamus O’Mahony about his experience as hospital doctor and wider observations on state medicine. describes himself “medical apostate,” admitting that he wasn’t temperamentally suited to much work but still devoted long career it. What drew my eye ire ...

Abstract When the great nineteenth-century antiquarian James Savage disputed assumption that John Winthrop wrote A Short Story (London 1644), he was on to something, although evidence adduced incorrect. Taking as a starting point two facts about book-it is compilation of documents and bears numerous marks being an intentional text-this essay describes how came into suggests who may be "I" myste...

I was pleased to see that my column inspired several articles in the popular media, including an upcoming article in Vogue magazine. My column also elicited feedback from my faculty colleagues and several LPI supporters around the country. One loyal donor from New York wrote me, “I do everything you do. So maybe that’s why I just passed my 95th birthday.” He continued, “Two things that I do tha...

• Logical AI (artificial intelligence) is based on programs that represent facts about the world in languages of mathematical logic and decide what actions will achieve goals by logical reasoning. A lot has been accomplished with logic as is. • This was Leibniz's goal, and I think we'll eventually achieve it. When he wrote Let us calculate, maybe he imagined that the AI problem would be solved ...

In 1847 John Snow wrote: "It will be at once admitted that the medical practitioner ought to be acquainted with the strength of the various compounds which he applies as remedial agents, and that he ought, if possible, to be able to regulate their potency. The compound of ether vapour and air is no exception to this rule, although it might be supposed to form one, as the practitioner stands by ...

the Seasonal Incidence of Typhoid Fever, which I mentioned to Dr. Bulstrode, suggesting that it might be taken with some other short paper, at any convenient opportunity, if he considered it was likely to induce a discussion. When, however, about a week ago, Dr. Bulstrode asked me if I would read my paper to-night, owing to circumstances which unfortunately made it impossible for Professor McWe...

time of language evaluation on the 8th day after onset, the patient manifested relatively fluent utterances, and intact auditory comprehension, repetition, and naming abilities. He was able to read simple, short sentences without mirror reading. However, mirror writing with his intact left hand was observed for individual Korean graphemes when he wrote his name and address spontaneously, and al...

change. “There are questions of how 3D images will be observed,” wrote Seibel. “Will the medical doctor and technician be aided by computers using machine vision?” Nonetheless, he sees these questions not as a roadblock, but as just a necessary maneuver to bring about change in a field of medicine that is often conservative. “[The] human pathologist will always be critical in diagnostic decisio...

In nineteenth century Great Britain, Thomas Henry Huxley [3] proposed connections between the development of organisms and their evolutionary histories, critiqued previously held concepts of homology, and promoted Charles Darwin?s theory of evolution [4]. Many called him Darwin?s Bulldog. Huxley helped professionalize and redefine British science. He wrote about philosophy, religion, and social...