Glycine sarcosine methyltransferase (Gsm) and sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase (Sdm) catalyze glycine betaine synthesis from glycine. Disruption of the M. xanthus gsmA (MXAN 7068) or sdmA (MXAN 3190) gene, encoding Gsm or Sdm homologue proteins, respectively, generated mutants that exhibited a longer lag period of growth and delayed spore germination under osmostress.

AbstractGlycine Betaine is a quaternary amino compound accumulates in stress conditions mainly abiotic stresses like drought and salinity & synthesized by the two-step oxidation of choline via the intermediate betaine aldehyde, catalyzed by Choline monooxygenase and Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH). The sequence analysis of key enzyme of Glycine betaine biosynthesis i.e. BADH was carried o...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis maintains a large genetic capacity necessary for growth in different environments during infection and survival upon aerosol transmission to new hosts. Screening for bacterial RNAs produced in response to host interactions produced candidate lists where we noted proXVWZ, annotated as encoding a putative glycine betaine or proline transporter. As high surface-to-volume...

This article contains data on the Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images related to multi-scaled self-assemblies resulting from 'green' cationic glycine betaine surfactant/anionic kappa-carrageenan interactions. These data gave clear evidence of the evolution of the micron-, nano-sized structures obtained at two surfactant/polymer molar ratio...

COG5598 comprises a large number of proteins related to MttB, the trimethylamine:corrinoid methyltransferase. MttB has a genetically encoded pyrrolysine residue proposed essential for catalysis. MttB is the only known trimethylamine methyltransferase, yet the great majority of members of COG5598 lack pyrrolysine, leaving the activity of these proteins an open question. Here, we describe the fun...

During the investigation of the formation of choline and betame in leaf disks of Beta vulgaris it was found that formate contributed its carbon essentially exclusively to the N-methyl groups of choline and betaine, while the a-carbon of glycine was distributed equally between the N-methyl groups and the &-moiety of these compounds (1). This distribution of radioactivity raised the question as t...

Betaine, L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-arginine, glycine and inosine are known as dietary feeding attractants for many fish species. However, these additives also have very important physiological functions within the animal body. For example, betaine given singly or mixed with other attractants has been found to have a positive effect on fish growth and survival rate. Betaine is also a very im...

The influence of low-temperature conditioning (LTC) treatment on chilling injury, glycine betaine content, and energy metabolism in loquat fruit at 1 °C storage was investigated. The results indicated that LTC treatment significantly reduced chilling injury index, ion leakage, and malondialdehyde content in loquat fruit. Betaine aldehyde hydrogenase (BADH) activity and endogenous glycine betain...

Choline dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of choline to glycine betaine via betaine aldehyde as intermediate. Biotechnological applications of glycine betaine in transgenic plant improvement have been shown to have enhanced tolerance towards hypersalinity and freezing. It can also restore and maintain osmotic balance of living cells under stress. In this study, choline dehydrogenase (betA) ...