in this study a pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for fossil fuel power plants is presented. parameters which their effects are considered in this study include: plant type, fuel type, fuel transmission type, internal consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. investigating internal consumption, degradation and site ambient con...

Large scale penetration of renewable energies such as wind and solar into the electric grid is complicated by their intermittency. Energy storage systems can mitigate these fluctuations by storing off-peak energy for use at peak-demand times. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is one of the most promising storage technologies due to the large amount of energy that can be stored at an economic...

Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long-chain fatty acid alkyl esters. When exposed to air during storage, autoxidation of biodiesel can cause degradation of fuel quality by adversely affecting properties such as kinematic viscosity, acid value and peroxide value. One approach for incr...

Passenger vehicles fueled by hydrocarbons or alcohols and powered by proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells address world air quality and fuel supply concerns while avoiding hydrogen infrastructure and on-board storage problems. Reduction of the carbon monoxide concentration in the on-board fuel processor’s hydrogen-rich gas by the preferential oxidizer (PrOx) under dynamic conditions is cru...

air pollution is one of the major issues about the diesel engines in todays' world. it is a special concern in those areas that have difficulty meeting health-based outdoor air quality standards. natural gas has low emission and resource abundance and also conventional compression ignition engine can be easily converted to a dual fuel mode to use natural gas as main fuel and diesel as pilo...

It is a well known fact that, dual fuel engines at part loads, inevitably suffer lower thermal efficiency, higher carbon monoxide and unburned fuel emission. The work in this paper is to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (diesel-gas) engine at part loads, using a single zone combustion model with detailed chemical kinetics for combustion of natural gas fuel. The authors deve...

A key difficulty infabricatingfuel capsules with polymer wallsfor inertial fusion is the high permeability of most polymers to the hydrogen isotopes used as fuel gases. In this article, it is shown that a thin aluminum layer can increase the retention time of a polymer shell for D2 from several minutes to several hours, while remaining transparent enough to allow interferometric measurement of ...

Reformate gas, a commonly employed fuel for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), contains carbon monoxide, which poisons Pt-containing anodes in such devices. A novel, low-cost mesoporous Si3N4 selective gas separation material was tested as a hydrogen clean-up membrane to remove CO from simulated feed gas to single-cell PEMFC, employing Nafion as the polymer electrolyte membrane. ...

There are 103 commercial nuclear power stations currently operating in the United States, generating a total of about 2 000 t of spent fuel each year. Over 40 000 t of spent fuel have accumulated since these plants began operation, with the fuel being stored first in at-reactor spent fuel storage pools and later in independent spent fuel storage installations and dry cask storage facilities. Th...

In this paper, the control scheme of a Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG)–diesel dual-fuel engine with electronic control is illustrated, the external characteristics and load characteristics of the LPG– diesel dual-fuel engine and the diesel engine are compared and analyzed. The experimental results show that, compared with diesel, the output performance of dual fuel is not reduced, while smoke emi...