OBJECTIVE To characterize the metabolic products of urine associated with preterm birth, thus providing clinical guidelines for intestinal and parenteral nutrition in preterm infants. METHODS Urine samples of 47 preterm infants and 45 full-term infants were collected and prepared for trimethylsilylation by treatment with urease. The levels of lysine, phenylalanine, histidine, ornithine, fumar...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, 2C(10)H(18)N(+)·HPO(4) (2-)·1.5C(4)H(4)O(4), contains two adamantan-1-aminium cations, one hydrogen phosphate anion, and one and a half mol-ecules of fumaric acid, one of which exhibits crystallographic inversion symmetry. Each HPO(4) (2-) anion is hydrogen bonded, via all of its O atoms, to four NH(3) (+) groups of the adamantan-1-aminium cations, for...

The synthesis of arginine from citrulline by the mammalian kidney was first demonstrated by Borsook and Dubnoff (1) using tissue slices. The successful use of kidney homogenates was later. reported by Cohen and Hayano (2). As with arginine formation in liver, the studies with respiring tissue did not clearly reveal t’he nature of the reactions involved. It was of interest to see whether the enz...

Nowadays, grape berries mature earlier due to climate change. Higher sugar contents are observed, whereas lower ones in organic acids, leading increased pH values. Those biochemical changes have direct consequences on the balance and quality of wines made from such grapes. Chemical acidification, commonly used compensate for lack acidity musts or wines, includes tartaric, malic, lactic, citric ...

Outbreaks of disease due to vegetative bacterial pathogens associated with acid foods (such as apple cider) have raised concerns about acidified vegetables and related products that have a similar pH (3.2 to 4.0). Escherichia coli O157:H7 and related strains of enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) have been identified as the most acid resistant vegetative pathogens in these products. Previous resea...

The specific aim of this study was to develop a pH independent controlled release system for the basic drug, theopylline. The release of the drug was investigated in vitro from hydrophilic swellable matrices composed of hydroxyethyl cellulose and Eudragit S100. The micro-environmental pH of the hydrated gel layer of the matrices was manipulated by the addition of fumaric acid. It is expected th...