Energy-dependent protein degradation is studied through the dual bead ClpXP motility assay. Processing of folded proteins involves recognition, unfolding, translocation, and degradation stages. A dual optical trap, in a passive force-clamp geometry, exhibits bead-to-bead displacements that directly follow subprocesses underlying protein degradation. Discrete nanometer-scale displacements of the...

Crystal morphology of melt-crystallized poly(ethylene succinate) (PES) thin film with a thickness of –100 nm was studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The fibril-like and wide or lozenge-shaped PES lamellar crystals under different crystallization conditions are thought to be corresponding to the crystal growth kinetics based on the secondary nucleation theory that there are two regimes of ...

A capillary electrophoresis method was used for assay of some degradation products of carvedilol. The optimized parameters were as; running buffer 80 mM acetate dissolved in methanol/ethanol mixture (65:35% v/v), applied voltage of 19 kV, temperature is 20 ºC and the wavelength range of 200-350 nm. The results indicate that the proposed capillary electrophoresis method could effectively separat...

The influence of low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs), such as malonic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and oxalic acid, on the Fenton degradation of organic pollutants was examined under visible irradiation (lambda > 450 nm). The Fenton degradation of malachite green in the dark was completely blocked in the presence of LMWOAs. It was found that either visible light irradiation or...

A simple and rapid stability indicating method based on capillary zone electrophoresis has been developed and validated for the analysis of buserelin (BUS). The best separations were achieved by using a bare fused silica capillary (75 m i.d.; 65.5 cm total, 57.0 cm effective length), phosphate buffer (pH = 3.00; 26.4 mM), at 35 °C. The sample was hydrodynamically injected at 50 mbar for 5 seco...

Diverse cellular processes are driven by motor proteins that are recruited to and generate force on lipid membranes. Surprisingly little is known about how membranes control the force from motors and how this may impact specific cellular functions. Here, we show that dynein motors physically cluster into microdomains on the membrane of a phagosome as it matures inside cells. Such geometrical re...

This paper extends earlier results of wave based approach for stable force re°ecting systems in the presence of the transmission delay (constant or variable). Theoretically, stability of the whole system is kept for any time delay, but degradation performance increases proportionally with a large delays. In this paper, we propose a new control scheme that is also based on wave variables, but mi...

Background: Mitoxantrone (MXT) is a drug for cancer therapy and a hazardous pharmaceutical to the environment which must be removed from contaminated waste streams. In this work, the removal of MXT by the electro-Fenton process over heterogeneous and homogenous catalysts is reported. Methods: The effects of the operational conditions (reaction medium pH, catalyst concentration and utilized cur...