We investigate how people process negation in semantically distorted and metaphoric sentences. We present three experiments in which participants judged the truth of affirmative and negative sentences that were either literal or contained semantic illusions (Erickson & Mattson, 1981) or metaphors. In all experiments, negation increases processing times; although for semantic illusions, negation...

This paper is an attempt to model to what extent an intuitionistic fuzzy set is self-contradictory, both in the case of selfcontradiction regarding a strong intuitionistic negation, and without depending on a specific negation. For this purpose, firstly, a geometrical study on self-contradiction regarding a negation is considered; afterwards some functions to measure degrees of self-contradicto...

Linguistic research has clearly shown that natural languages exhibit different forms of negation. Foremost among these are sentence negation and predicate negation. In this study, the relationship between both will be discussed. In particular, it wiu be argued that we can give an accurate description of the logical connections between sentence negation and predicate negation by reference to the...

BACKGROUND Identification of negation in electronic health records is essential if we are to understand the computable meaning of the records: Our objective is to compare the accuracy of an automated mechanism for assignment of Negation to clinical concepts within a compositional expression with Human Assigned Negation. Also to perform a failure analysis to identify the causes of poorly identif...

Although negation-free languages are widely used in logic and computer science, relatively little is known about their expressive power. To address this issue we consider kinds of non-symmetric bisimulations called directed simulations, and use these to analyse the expressive power and model theory of negation-free modal and temporal languages. We first use them to obtain preservation, safety a...

We study action rule based systems with two forms of negation, namely classical negation and \negation as failure to nd a course of actions". We show by several examples that adding negation as failure to such systems increase their expressiveness, in the sense that real life problems can be represented in a natural and simple way. Then, we address the problem of providing a formal declarative ...

In this paper we present a machine learning system that finds the scope of negation in biomedical texts. The system consists of two memory-based engines, one that decides if the tokens in a sentence are negation signals, and another that finds the full scope of the negation signals. Our approach to negation detection differs in two main aspects from existing research. First, we focus on finding...

Abstract Although the work of G.F.C. Griss is commonly understood as a program negationless mathematics, close examination Griss’s suggests more fundamental feature its executability , requirement that mental constructions are possible only if corresponding activity can be actively carried out. Emphasizing reveals arguments against negation leave open several types negation—including D. Nelson’...

Recent studies in nonmonotonic reasoning have shown that many of the best known nonmonotonic logics are based on the same two fundamental principles, i.e. minimal knowledge and negation as failure (or negation by default). In this paper we prove that it is possible to express negation as failure in terms of minimal knowledge. Specifically, we present a polynomial, non-faithful, modular embeddin...

In this paper I provide some linguistic evidence to the thesis that responsibility judgments are normative. I present an argument from negation, since the negation of descriptive judgments is structurally different from the negation of normative judgments. In particular, the negation of responsibility judgments seem to conform to the pattern of the negation of normative judgments, thus being a ...