INTRODUCTION Since its inception, reduction mammaplasty has matured considerably. Primary evolution in clinical research and practice has focused on preserving tissue viability. Surgery involves preserving not only tissue viability but also function and sensation. The nipple serves as the sensate unit of the breast and is a valuable part of women's psychological and sexual health, making preser...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this report is to present a rare case of co-occurrence of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia with simple bone cyst in a middle aged Asian woman. Most of the reported cases are isolated cases of simple bone cyst or florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, but co-occurrence of these two entities is extremely rare. METHODS The authors report a 41 year old female patient with co-...

BACKGROUND A preliminary report on a new technique for dermal overlap subareolar mastopexy appeared in 2001. OBJECTIVE This paper reports on a series of 117 patients who underwent subareolar mastopexy and describes several modifications of the original technique. METHODS Preoperative markings defined the upper edge of the new areola position, the circumferential outline, and the outer edge ...

In animals and man, some forms of cutaneous papillomas are caused by papillomaviruses. Twelve different genotypes of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) have been identified. BPV-1 through BPV-12 are all strictly species-specific. BPV-1 and BPV-2 are associated with fibropapillomas in cattle; these tumors are formed by excessive proliferation of virus-infected dermal fibroblasts and epidermal keratinoc...

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES Breast positioning is the key factor affecting a mammogram. If care is taken during positioning, it maximizes the amount of breast tissue being imaged, eliminates most of the artifacts, and increases sensitivity of the mammogram. This retrospective study was carried out in our department to assess correctness, and also the incorrectness of breast positioning, which need to b...

BACKGROUND Nipple inversion in females can be congenital or acquired. Women who desire treatment for this condition often report difficulty with breastfeeding and interference with their sexuality. However, data are limited on the demographics of patients who undergo surgery to repair inverted nipples and the associated recurrence rates and complications. OBJECTIVES The authors assessed outco...

BACKGROUND Coccidioidomycosis may be associated with a reactive generalized cutaneous eruption early in the course of the illness. Detailed descriptions in the literature are scarce. OBSERVATIONS We describe 3 patients with a florid eruption associated with pulmonary coccidioidomycosis. The exanthem mimicked erythema multiforme clinically but not histologically. In 2 of the patients, the erup...

BACKGROUND Despite the improved appearance associated with skin-sparing mastectomy, removal of the nipple-areola complex has a negative impact on the patient. Still, nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy results in preservation of a substantial amount of mammary tissue at risk. This may be prevented by preservation of the nipple-areola complex as a graft that is temporarily banked (e.g., in ...

Breast reduction for macromastia is a highly efficacious procedure with a high degree of patient satisfaction and a low rate of complications. The T-scar superior and superomedial pedicle techniques offer safe, reliable, and easily reproducible means of breast reduction, with a versatility that works for extremely large breasts while avoiding the bottoming out of inferior/central mound methods....

INTRODUCTION A nipple shield is a breastfeeding aid with a nipple-shaped shield that is positioned over the nipple and areola prior to nursing. Nipple shields are usually recommended to mothers with flat nipples or in cases in which there is a failure of the baby to effectively latch onto the breast within the first 2 days postpartum. The use of nipple shields is a controversial topic in the fi...