There are tremendous aspects of water resources in Lebanon where the surface water sources are the most exploited. However, snow is still the major water aspect that plays a role in feeding groundwater, springs and rivers. This water resource has been ignored since long-time and it was considered only for tourism. Nevertheless, the recently existed challenges on water supply in the region, nota...

A near-real time GMES-relevant monitoring system for semi-operational retrieval of snow covered area for hydrological and climatological applications has been developed in the Envisnow EC EESD FP 5 project. The system, using ENVISAT ASAR wide swath data from ESA AOE 785 and from the Kongsberg satellite station, geocodes and classifies Envisat ASAR data automatically, and produces SCA maps with ...

A programmed software was developed in order to numerically simulate time variation of temperature field and snow depth around a pipe-in-pile snow-melting system, using meteorological data. The system utilized underground piles as heat exchanger between underground soil and water flowing inside the piles. The water was pumped into heat dissipation pipes embedded beneath pavement surface, on whi...

â â  a great portion of precipitation in the south western iran falls in the snow formation. surface runoff produced from melting snow has an important role in the recharging ground water, surface and subsurface flows. rapid snowmelt can even cause flooding . since the snowmelt cannot be easily detected from optical satellite images, snow cover area (sca) is derived as an important hydrological...

according to recent studies, about 60 percent of surface waters and 57 percent ground waters are located in snowy zones in iran. in most areas of northern hemisphere and alpine environment areas, snow melt lead to the maximum instantaneous flow rate and is an important part of annual discharge. the present study investigated the effect of snowmelt on the surface waters and ground waters in baha...