We have isolated a Drosophila mutant where the lateral parts of the notum are completely naked, leaving unaffected a median stripe of hairs. This mutation, iroquois (iro), defines a new gene which maps at 69D. We show that, in the presumptive lateral notum of mutant discs, sense organ precursor cells fail to form and the proneural gene scute is not expressed. The expression of a reporter gene i...

BMP-dependent patterning in the Drosophila melanogaster wing imaginal disc serves as a paradigm to understand how morphogens specify cell fates. The observed profile of the transcriptional response to the graded signal of BMP relies upon two counter-active gradients of pMad and Brinker (Brk). This patterning model is inadequate to explain the expression of target genes, like vestigial and spalt...

BACKGROUND The transpsoas lateral surgical approach has been advocated as an alternative to direct anterior approaches for less invasive or minimally invasive access to the spine. Postoperative thigh pain, paresthesia, and/or weakness have been described after the use of this surgical approach. The purpose of this cadaveric anatomic study is to provide a description of the lumbar plexus as it r...

BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Lateral approach to lumbar fusion has been gaining popularity in recent years. It utilises a retroperitoneal transpsoas approach to reach the disc space in a minimally invasive fashion. It allows better access for disc clearance and insertion of large foot print cages. PURPOSE: To compare radiographic and clinical results following lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) and ...

A 22-year-old male European brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos) was presented to the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital after an acute onset of hind limb paralysis 4 days earlier. Previous radiographs revealed marked degenerative joint disease of the stifles, tarsi and digits. The clinical findings were consistent with acute disc prolapse. Lateral radiographs of the entire vertebral column...

We have measured the dynamic movement of the lumbar spine in 57 patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease. Each completed a questionnaire which recorded pain and subjective signs and symptoms. From plain lateral radiographs, the subjects were graded using the criteria of Kellgren and Lawrence and those of Lane et al, which are both based on the severity of degenerative changes. Measurement...

We evaluated lateral pterygoid muscle volume in closed and open mouth positions in association with anterior disc displacement, effusion and abnormal articular disc shape from three-dimensional reformations of MRI. A total of 24 MRI of a sample (15 females, 9 males) aged 19-64 years (37.2 years±11.4) were assessed. Segmentation and volumetric assessment of the total, upper and lower heads of th...

Lateral approaches to the lumbar disc space have become popular in recent years with very few reported complications. We report on a rare case of a stand-alone cage migration. A 77-year-old female presented with a right L2-3 radiculopathy that was refractory to maximum medical management. This was secondary to foraminal compression at L2-3 and L3-4 due to degenerative disc disease and levoscoli...