We report here on an extremely rare case of duplicated extrahepatic bile ducts that was associated with choledocholithiasis, and this malady was visualized by employing the minimum intensity projection images with using multi-detector row CT. The presence of duplicated extrahepatic bile ducts with a proximal communication, and the ducts were joined distally and they subsequently formed a single...

Hepatitis C virus predominantly affects the liver, although it may also produce a number of extrahepatic manifestations, such as mixed cryoglobulinemia, salivary and lacrimal gland dysfunction, and several types of kidney disease. The pathogenesis of these conditions is not completely understood, but immunologic mechanisms are involved in many cases. In some patients with hepatitis C virus infe...

Oral region metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary tumor of the liver, is rare and may occur in the mandibular body region. We present here a rare and interesting case of HCC metastasis to the mandibular condyle without any other extrahepatic metastatic sites of a 59-year-old man. This finding suggest that incidental extrahepatic lesions in the more uncommon sites...

Congenital abnormalities were present in 12 out of 30 (40%) children with extrahepatic portal hypertension of unknown cause, but in only 2 out of 17 (12%) children with extnahepatic portal hypertension secondary to umbilical vein catheterization or omphalitis. The most frequent abnormalities in this series and in published reports were atrial septal defect, malformation of the biliary tract, an...

A case of a 70 year old man who was found to have an extrahepatic portal vein aneurysm during an evaluation for hematuria is reported. Extrahepatic portal vein aneurysms are rare with only twenty cases reported in the literature. Typically, patients present with hemorrhage requiring surgical exploration or the aneurysm is discovered during evaluation of another abdominal process. Management inc...

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations, affecting different organ systems. Neurological complications occur in a large number of patients and range from peripheral neuropathy to cognitive impairment. Pathogenetic mechanisms responsible for nervous system dysfunction are mainly related to the upregulation of the host immun...

This study aims to review the causes of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation. Based on review of medical literature, a scientific classification of the causes is proposed. Intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct dilatation can be divided into two categories: congenital and acquired. The former includes the five classical Todani’s congenital types. The latter can be sub-classified ...

Portal biliopathy is the complex of abnormalities of extrahepatic and intrahepatic bile ducts, cystic duct, and gallbladder, arising as a result of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction and noncirrhotic portal fibrosis, which can be caused by coagulopathies, tumors, inflammation, postoperative complications, dehydration, and neonatal umbilical vein catheterization. We report a case of a 55-year-...

The biliary tree is composed of intrahepatic and extrahepatic ducts and is lined by simple columnar/cuboidal epithelium. Particularly in evaluation of extrahepatic bile ducts, cytology is commonly utilized. Herein we review common indications, methodology and microscopic features as relates to biliary tract cytologic diagnoses. Additionally, we briefly discuss newer techniques that can be used ...

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the extrahepatic bile duct are extremely rare and reported infrequently in the literature. These tumors are difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and the prognosis is variable, often determined by extent of disease, tumor grade and resectability. This case report presents a 45-year-old male with history of biliary obstruction relieved by endobiliary stents with c...