OBJECTIVE To study the correlation of randomly-tested total antiepileptic plasma levels and seizure control in a retrospectively collected group of pregnant epileptic Saudi women. METHODS The medical records of 30 Saudi epileptic female patients were reviewed during their subsequent pregnancies (total of 50). The type of antiepileptic drugs used during each pregnancy, the dose of each drug an...

The management of the pregnant epileptic requires close cooperation between the neurologist and obstetrician. To prevent complications, knowledge is required about the natural history of epilepsy during pregnancy, the possible teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs, and changes in their absorption, biotransformation, and excretion. Close plasma antiepileptic drug monitoring is required beca...

Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by interruption of normal neuronal functions that is manifested by behavioral disorders, changing of awareness level, and presence of some sensory, autonomic and motor symptoms or signs. It is resulted from many different causes. Many antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are considered to manage epileptic attacks. Some of them change metabolism and absorp...

Epileptic encephalopathies are an epileptic condition characterized by epileptiform abnormalities associated with progressive cerebral dysfunction. In the classification of the International League Against Epilepsy eight age-related epileptic encephalopathy syndromes are recognized. These syndromes include early myoclonic encephalopathy and Ohtahara syndrome in the neonatal period, West syndrom...

The role of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in epilepsy has evolved from an obstacle for drug brain delivery to an etiological factor contributing to seizures. Recent evidence has shown cerebrovascular angiogenesis and increased BBB permeability in the epileptic foci of patients and in experimental models of seizure. The molecular players involved in cerebrovascular remodeling in the epileptic br...

To evaluate renal side-effects of anti-epileptic medication by valproate (VPA) and carbamazepine (CBZ), we performed a prospective study to assess renal tubular function by measuring N-acetyl-β glucosaminidase (NAG)/Cr activity index in epileptic children. The study was conducted on 112 children who were diagnosed with epilepsy (28 patients were observed before treatment with anti-epileptics, 2...

epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders which a physician might come across in his career life. on the other hand, migraine is common disorders in society chronic headache such as migraine in epileptic patients give ride to difficulties in seizure treatment due to altering the sleeping pattern and calmness disarrangement. therefore, early diagnosis and suitable treatment in ep...

The current term psychogenic non-epileptic seizures were coined by contemporary neurologists and epileptologists, since the implementation of Video electroencephalogram, considered today the gold standard diagnostic tool. Patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures comprise a heterogeneous group from the psychiatric point of view. The diagnosis that describes the psychogenic non-epileptic ...