Emergence—macro-level effects from micro-level causes—is at the heart of the conflict between reductionism and functionalism. How can there be autonomous higher level laws of nature (the functionalist claim) if everything can be reduced to the fundamental forces of physics (the reductionist position)? We cut through this debate by applying a computer science lens to the way we view nature. We c...

Language emergence describes moments in historical time when nonlinguistic systems become linguistic. Because language can be invented de novo in the manual modality, this offers insight into the emergence of language in ways that the oral modality cannot. Here we focus on homesign, gestures developed by deaf individuals who cannot acquire spoken language and have not been exposed to sign langu...

Emergence is analyzed by the principle of least action. The supreme law of nature describes diverse systems as actions that evolve from one state to another by consuming free energy in least time. As the system will either gain or lose quanta at the step of evolution, the systemic characteristics after the change of state cannot be reduced to those before the change. The change will invariably ...

Emergence delirium (ED) also referred to as emergence agitation (EA) is a well documented phenomenon occurring in children and adults in the immediate postoperative period. With the recent popularity of the newer inhalation agents desflurane and sevoflurane, numerous clinical studies have been published questioning the association of these anesthetics with an increased incidence of emergence de...

background:  the residual effect of triflumuron and pyriproxyfen on musca domestica l larval stages was studied in the laboratory. methods : both igrs at varying concentrations ranging between 0.5 to 2.5 mg/l were placed inside beakers with mice chow and vitamin b complex and water as food for the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd instars m.domestica larvae. results: both igrs inhibit m. domestica adult eme...