The paper exposits a number of key dynamic models from the field of economics. The models share the feature that evolution of the system is consistent with the optimizing behavior of rational economic agents. Specifically, the laws of motion that we investigate are solutions to discrete time dynamic decision processes. Even with rational agents and simple economic environments, a variety of com...

This paper evaluates attitudes of Iranians toward crossing red traffic lights and their sensitivity to fines. Economic theory of crime under expected utility predicts that because of the possibility of severe punishments, risk adverse individuals would not cross red lights. This is implied by the Becker proposition. However, among 262 individuals surveyed, more than half of the sample has previ...

This paper introduces a number of indicators on various aspects of competition laws and competition agencies in order to make competition policies comparable. It contains an indicator concerned with the objectives and the instruments of competition laws, a second indicator evaluating to what degree an economic – as opposed to a legal – approach to competition policy has been chosen. Based on th...

BACKGROUND Motorcycle helmets reduce both motorcycle-related fatalities and head injuries. Motorcycle crashes are a major public health concern which place economic stress on the U.S. healthcare system. DISCUSSION Although statewide universal motorcycle helmet laws effectively increase helmet use, most state helmet laws do not require every motorcycle rider to wear a helmet. Herein, we propos...

BACKGROUND This article introduces some key labor, economic, and social policies that historically and currently impact occupational health disparities in the United States. METHODS We conducted a broad review of the peer-reviewed and gray literature on the effects of social, economic, and labor policies on occupational health disparities. RESULTS Many populations such as tipped workers, pu...

This paper examines the functioning of some of India’s institutions of governance, namely, the legislative and executive branches of government, the judiciary, and the bureaucracy, from an instrumental, economic perspective. Governance is analyzed along three dimensions: (1) the degree of commitment or durability of laws and rules, (2) the degree of enforcement of these laws, and (3) the degree...

This paper examines the functioning of India's institutions of governance, namely, the legislative and executive branches of government, the judiciary, and the bureaucracy. An economist's view of the role of government is adopted, i.e., as a provider of public goods and corrector of externalities. Governance is analyzed along three dimensions: (1) the degree of commitment or durability of laws ...