OBJECTIVES To document the nature, distribution, and frequency of dystonic symptoms in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). METHODS Charts and videotapes of all clinically diagnosed patients with PSP seen between 1983 and 1993 were reviewed and the occurrence, nature, and distribution of all dystonic symptoms were recorded. RESULTS Of 83 identified cases 38 had some dystonic features. Twen...

AIM Cognitive impairments have been established as part of the non-motor phenomenology of adult dystonia. In childhood dystonia, the extent of cognitive impairments is less clear. This systematic review aims to present an overview of the existing literature to elucidate the cognitive profile of primary and secondary childhood dystonia. METHOD Studies focusing on cognition in childhood dystoni...

Treatment of dopa-responsive dystonia is one of the more satisfying experiences in clinical neurology. The response to treatment with levodopa is usually dramatic and complete with no long-term complications. Carbidopa/levodopa is the mainstay in treating dopa-responsive dystonia. There is some experience using anticholinergic agents, but they are more likely to cause side effects and do not tr...

BACKGROUND Ataxia with vitamin E deficiency (AVED) is an autosomal recessive disorder that usually presents with ataxia, areflexia, and proprioceptive and vibratory sensory loss. Dystonia has been reported rarely. CASE REPORT An 11-year-old female presented with dystonic head tremor and cervical and bilateral arm dystonia. Her 14-year-old older brother had dystonic head tremor and generalized...

Tardive dystonia is a side effect of dopamine receptor-blocking agents, which are mainly used as antipsychotic drugs. The treatment of tardive dystonia is difficult and often unsuccessful. An 82-year-old woman experienced mandibular deviation to the left due to spasm of the masticatory muscles with involuntary chewing movement and Parkinsonism. She had been treated with sulpiride for motility d...

BACKGROUND The co-occurrence of tics and dystonia as an idiopathic condition has only rarely been reported. We report a series of patients with tics and persistent dystonia, with the aim of determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this syndrome. METHODS Analysis of clinical database of patients with tic disorders. RESULTS From our database of 224 patients with tics, 20 had...

One of the important areas modern neurology is movement disorders, due to their negative impact on daily activity and quality life patients. Dystonia third most common extrapyramidal disease. Often, dystonia accompanied by trembling hyperkinesis, however, known data dystonic tremor are scattered not systematized, its fixation causes difficulties lack clear tremorographic characteristics. Many i...

Although there are some newly developed options to treat dystonia, its medical treatment is not always satisfactory. Zolpidem, an imidazopyridine agonist with a high affinity on benzodiazepine subtype receptor BZ1 (ω1), was found to improve clinical symptoms of dystonia in a limited number of case reports. To investigate what subtype of dystonia is responsive to the therapy, we conducted an ope...

Dystonia may be a sign or symptom, that is comprised of complex abnormal and dynamic movements of different etiologies. A specific cause is identified in approximately 28% of patients, which only occasionally results in specific treatment. In most cases, treatment is symptomatic and designed to relieve involuntary movements, improve posture and function and reduce associated pain. Therapeutic o...

Dystonia is a relatively common neurological syndrome characterized by twisting movements or sustained abnormal postures. Although the basal ganglia have been implicated in the expression of dystonia, recent evidence suggests that abnormal cerebellar function is also involved. In these studies, a novel mouse model was developed to study the role of the cerebellum in dystonia. Microinjection of ...