the copper(ii) complex [cu(pic)2]·2h2o was synthesized with 2-picolinic acid (hpic) and copper acetate as reactants by room temperature solid-solid reaction. the composition and structure of the complex was characterized by elemental analyses, single crystal x-ray diffraction, x-ray powder diffraction, ft-ir spectroscopy and thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry. the crystal struct...

in this paper, design and construction of a tactile sensor for measuring contact-force is presented. mechanism of measuring contact-force in this tactile sensor is based on impedance changing of piezoelectric crystal and voltage of different points in circuit as a result of applying force on the crystal. by considering a specific point in the circuit and recording the changes of its voltage, ma...

background: similar to the thermoluminescence (tl) spectra, the optical parameters variations can also be used in tl crystals for dosimetry purposes. these optical parameters can include absorption, transmission and reflection coefficients. materials and methods: single crystals of kbr and kcl which have been used in this research were grown from laboratory grade extra pure precursor powders. c...

TiCl4, ammonia, inorganic salts as raw material, nanometer composite-crystal TiO2 powders were synthesized by two-step chemical method. Precursors were crystallized with different phase and stable composite-crystal TiO2 with anatase and rutile phase was prepared at low temperature. Quantitative control of crystal phase was realized. Remarkable factors includ...

In this paper we consider the problem of estimating discrete variables in a class of hybrid systems where we assume that the continuous variables are available for measurement. Using lattice and order theory we develop a framework for constructing an observer on an enlarged space of variables with lattice structure, which updates only two variables at each step. We apply our ideas to a multi-ro...