Fertility in rural areas such as the Governorate of Menoufia in Egypt may be influenced both by spatial factors (including the diffusion of innovations) and by essentially nonspatial factors (such as the availabilityof education for women and the percentage of adult women who are currently married). The nonspatial variables are available directly from censuses but the spatial component requires...

The chemical speciation of dissolved Cu was investigated by voltammetric methods in Gullmar Fjord, Sweden, over the course of a year from September 1996 until August 1997. Sampling was carried out on a roughly monthly basis, with an intensive survey carried out in May 1997. Surface water temperatures ranged from 21 to 228C, whereas bottom waters in the fjord were approximately 68C throughout. M...

The laws of history have nothing in common with a pedantic schematism. (28) Unified growth theory captures the journey humanity over entire course since emergence Homo Sapiens Africa 500,000 years ago. It identifies and traces forces that governed process development during Malthusian epoch, eventually triggering phase transition which human species escaped from this poverty trap into an era su...

This paper has essentially a methodological purpose. In a first section, we shortly present demography and historical demography, the intimacy between those two disciplines and their common intellectual history, the crisis they experimented in the 1980s, and how the life course paradigm and methods have been implemented to face up the challenge of shifting “from structure to process, from macro...

27 Here we explore enrichments in paleomarine Zn as recorded by authigenic iron oxides 28 including Precambrian iron formations, ironstones and Phanerozoic hydrothermal 29 exhalites. This compilation of new and literature-based iron formation analyses track 30 dissolved Zn abundances and constrain the magnitude of the marine reservoir over 31 geological time. Overall, the iron formation record ...

During the 19 century, the US birthrate fell by half. While previous economic literature has emphasized demand-side explanations for this decline—that rising land prices and literacy caused a decrease in demand for children—historians and others have emphasized changes in the supply of technologies to control fertility, including abortion and birth control. In this paper we exploit the introduc...