Development Proposal Report (DPR) is a document that particularly mentioned under the provision of paragraph 22(2) Act 172 as one elements need to be referred and considered in managing planning permission application process. This often done control development stated part IV Planning Control Town Country 1976 (Act 1720), which states each for submitted local authority (LPA) shall accompanied ...

This exchange represents a follow-up to an article on the effects of state high school exit examinations that previously appeared in this journal (Warren, Grodsky, & Kalogrides 2009). That 2009 was article featured prominently in a report by the National Research Council (NRC) that evaluated the efficacy of test-based accountability systems. Hanushek (2012) was highly critical of the NRC’s inte...

In the eighties, as Head of Urban Planning of Barcelona City Council, upon the restoration of democracy and having, as director, effected an unprecedented reshuffle at the Barcelona School of Architecture, Oriol Bohigas brought about a Copernican shift in designing and understanding public space in the city of Barcelona. That Urbanism took the form of remodeling, the shift from plan to project,...

Open Government Data combined with dynamic data collected from either citywide sensor networks or apps running in citizens’ smartphones offer ample potential for innovative urban services (apps) that realize Smarter Cities. This paper describes IES CITIES, a platform designed to facilitate the development of urban apps that exploit public data offered by councils and enriched by citizens. This ...