The six-transmembrane channels are thought to be composed of two modules: pore and sensor. Whereas the modular design of the pore has been established, the modularity of the sensor remains hypothetical. As a first step toward establishing the modularity of this region, we searched for genes where the sensor is found independent of the pore and have identified new members of the sensor superfami...

We report a 4-generation Turkish family with 10 affected members presenting with myotonia and potassium- and exercise-induced paralytic attacks. The clinical presentation was neither typical for the chloride channel myotonias Thomsen and Becker nor for the separate sodium channel myotonia entities potassium-aggravated myotonia, paramyotonia congenita, and hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. It is ...

The atomic structures of a transmembrane water plus glycerol conducting channel (GlpF), and now of aquaporin Z (AqpZ) from the same species, Escherichia coli, bring the total to three atomic resolution structures in the aquaporin (AQP) family. Members of the AQP family each assemble as tetramers of four channels. Common helical axes support a wider channel in the glycerol plus water channel par...

As business-to-business marketing channels become more international in scope, communication in channels occurs among a more diverse set of channel participants from different national cultures. Do such cultural variations influence channel communications and if so, how? This study examines these questions in international business-to-business marketing channels comprised of channel members rep...

In contrast to nearly all other sensory systems, the mechanically sensitive ion channel carrying the receptor current into hair cells of the inner ear has not been identified in molecular terms. A number of candidates from at least two different ion channel families have been considered: these include the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and acid-sensing ion channel (ASIC) members of the DEG/EN...

In this paper, we study the optimal profit change in a manufacturer-led dual-channel supply chain under centralized decision-making and decentralized scenarios. The is composed of only single supplier, manufacturer, retailer, manufacturer plays leading role chain. Meanwhile, following conditions exist simultaneously: promotion levels retailers offline physical stores, compensation given by manu...

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Due to the fast growing of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), business values closed-loop supply chains (CLSCs) have been well recognized. In this paper, we investigate performance CLSCs under different combinations recycling channel leadership when price is determined by party. Specially, consider a CLSC consisting two members, i.e., manufactur...

Voltage-gated sodium channels are unique in that they combine action potential conduction with cell adhesion. Mammalian sodium channels are heterotrimers, composed of a central, pore-forming alpha subunit and two auxiliary beta subunits. The alpha subunits are members of a large gene family containing the voltage-gated sodium, potassium, and calcium channels. Sodium channel alpha subunits form ...

in biaxially strained p-mosfet with si channel, formation of a parasitic parallel channel due to misalignment of energy bands degrades device performance by increasing off-state current. in this paper a new approach has been introduced to eliminate this parasitic channel by increasing the dopant concentration of virtual substrate up to . using simulation the impact of this method on the parasit...