SUMMARY A new case of an unusual association of mitral atresia with single left ventricle is reported. The salient anatomic features include: (1) the right atrioventricular valve is atretic; (2) the left atrioventricular valve enters the large ventricle with morpho-logic characteristics of the left ventricle; and (3) this large ventricle communicates by way of an interventricular communication ...

The term stenosis means a narrowing of the calibre of an orifice or a tube. It causes a decreased flow of fluids or gasses within the tube or compression of its solid contents (Verbiest 1976). In the case of the spinal canal, the term indicates a pathological condition causing compression of the contents of the canal, particularly the neural structures. If compression does not occur, the canal ...

One of the locations of renal artery atherosclerosis is at the orifice of the renal artery, therefore thestructure of this orifice was assessed in 6 normal, adult male dogs by light microscopy (LM) andtransmission electron microscopy (TEM). For the LM study, processed tissues were embedded in paraffinand sectioned serially into 6-μm thickness. Sections were stained with orcein. For the TEM stud...

The aim of this review is to give a survey of the use of high-power lasers for root canal cleaning and disinfection. There are two approaches: the first using a fiber in a dry root canal and exposing the root canal wall to the laser light with a spiral motion, and the other using the fiber in irrigant in the root canal or at the orifice. The laser-target interaction is different: a direct expos...

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Anal canal duplication (ACD) is the most distal and the least frequent digestive duplication. A review of the English-language literature found 15 cases reported in the pediatric age group. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for our experience from 1999 to 2001 with 6 patients who presented with a midline postanal opening. RESULTS All of 6 patients were gi...

BACKGROUND The localization of the additional canal orifice is one of the primary factors influencing the success of endodontic treatment. To deal with this problem, several techniques that each have their own advantages and disadvantages have been discussed in the literature. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present in vitro study was to review a new approach to localizing second mesiobuccal (MB2) ...

AIM To describe the shaping of Small Root canals with GT files. SUMMARY Small Roots are lower incisors, two and three canal bicuspids, buccal roots of upper molars, and mesial roots of lower molars. The Shaping Objective instrument for such cases is usually a 0.08 or 0.06 taper GT file. After proper access, pulp tissue should be removed to prevent its compaction and canal blockage. Orifice sh...

Hernia repair represents the most frequent surgical operation. The objective of the research is determination of anatomical features of the inguinal canal and measuring of the approximate muscle tension as well as justification of the relaxing incision application in the process of the hernia repair in this region. The research is based on the prospective study including 120 patients, who under...