Background and objectives: Diazinon (DZN), an organophosphate insecticide, is widely used in agriculture. One of its deleterious effects is on neural systems. Diazinon with acetylcholinesterase activity and lipid peroxidation induces brain toxicity . Ginger, as a medicinal plant, has antioxidant and anti-imflammatory properties. The aim of present study was to evaluate...

conclusions cyclosom and histamine synergistically exert catalepsy in old rats. in light of these data, the combination of the decreased brain level of somatostatin and increased brain level of histamine may be of pathogenic relevance for extrapyramidal signs in pd. results cyclosom (0.2, 1.0, and 5.0 µg) and histamine (1.0 and 10.0 µg) alone were ineffective in both young and old animals. in c...

the study on biochemical changes in brain tissue indicates that there are considerable variations in metabolism of energy in this tissue within the first three weeks of life. this phenomenon coincides with the increase of brain energy during that period of life. there are, indeed, various factors, involved in the changing process. hormones and thyroid hormones in particular are of the most impo...

brain edema plays an important role in secondary tissue damage following traumatic brain injury (tbi) but the underlying mechanisms are not entirely elucidated. the g protein coupled receptor fm-4 and its ligands, neuromedin s (nms) and neuromedin u (nmu), are expressed in diverse brain areas, and have a variety of roles in nociception, inflammation, and stress but their probable changes after ...

Current trends in gut–brain axis science recognize the role of gut microbiome interacting with brain. Psycho-biotics have been recently defined as “any substance that exerts a microbiome-mediated psychological effect” and are thus not limited to probiotics prebiotics. Considering this, it is worthy imagine food selected act psycho-biotic, which may be enriched prebiotic fiber or recognized effe...

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people. The prevalence of Alzheimer diseases is increasing in the world due to population aging. Metabolic disease such as diabetes and obesity play important role in Alzheimer disease. Hyperglycemia can play important role in brain damage. It causes cognitive impairments, functional and structural alterations in...

Epilepsy is accompanied with a strong change in neuronal activity not only in excitatory (glutamatergic) and inhibitory (GABAergic) neurotransmission, but also in neuromodulatory agents. Dopaminergic system, as an important neuromodulatory system of the brain, has significant effect on neuronal excitability. In addition, this system undergoes many changes in epileptic brain. Understanding the e...

Several lines of evidence suggest that brain histamine may be involved in the central control of food intake. The effect of histamine on feeding is mediated through three kinds of receptors (H1, H2, and H3). The present study was designed to investigate the effect of intracerebroventricular injection of histamine, promethazine (H1 antagonist) and ranitidine (H2 antagonist) on food intake of fre...