For the first time, this work addresses hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignocellulosic bio-oil over a carbon–neutral Mo2C/CNF catalyst for production liquid biofuels and value-added chemicals, thoroughly examining effect temperature, initial H2 pressure, reaction time catalyst/bio-oil ratio. These variables had significant influence on process, allowing transformation original into different fract...

The physical and chemical properties of raw bio-oil, two oxidized bio-oils, and hydrotreated bio-oil were compared before and after catalytic hydrodeoxygenation using sulfided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. Following continuous hydrodeoxygenation, the organic liquid products from treated bio-oils and raw bio-oil were compared for higher heating value, oxygen content, water content, and viscosity. In ad...

in this researchsaccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) was used as a cheap, readily accessible, selective, efficient, and green bio-catalyst in a chemo selective reduction of carbonyl group to hydroxyl group. in this green procedure three substrates e.g. (3-(3-nitrophenyl)aziridin-2-yl)-1-phenyl-methanone, pyruvate ester, and 2-acetyl-γ-butyrolactone were reduced to their corresponding reduce...

Abstract The aldol reaction of bio acetone in presence a strongly basic ion exchange resin was carried out with and without the addition water temperature range between ? 30 °C 45 °C. conversion, selectivity service time resins were investigated stirred batch reactor continuous fixed bed reactor. For experiments, both conversion increased decreasing temperature. Furthermore, to medium has posit...

A sulphated tin ion-exchanged montmorillonite (SO4/Sn-MMT) was successfully prepared by the ion exchange method of montmorillonite (MMT) with SnCl4, followed by the sulphation. This catalysis was applied as a solid acid catalyst for the heterogeneous catalytic transformations of xylose and xylan into furfural in the bio-based 2-methyltetrahydrofuran/H2O biphasic system. These prepared catalysts...

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Fe3O4 magnetite particles were coated on spherical Kissirises; glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was immobilized on Kissiris/Fe3O4/TiO2 by physical adsorption. This catalyst was analyzed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements. The performance of the prepared biocatalyst in the...

This work investigated the influence of reaction time and catalyst-to-residual fat ratio by catalytic upgrading from pyrolysis vapors residual at 400 °C 1.0 atmosphere, on yields products, physicochemical properties (density, kinematic viscosity, acid value) chemical composition bio-oils, over a catalyst fixed-bed reactor activated carbon pellets impregnated with 10.0 M NaOH, in semi-pilot scal...

We survey the literature on spatial bio-economic and land-use modelling and review thematic developments. Unobserved site specific heterogeneity is common in almost all of the surveyed works . Heterogeneity appears also to be a significant catalyst engendering significant methodological innovation. To better equip prototypes to adequately incorporate heterogeneity, we consider a smorgasbord of ...

Bio-aromatics (benzene, toluene, xylenes, BTX) were prepared by the catalytic pyrolysis of six different black liquors using both in situ and ex situ approaches. A wide range of catalysts was screened and conditions were optimized in microscale reactors. Up to 7 wt % of BTX, based on the organic fraction of the black liquors, was obtained for both the in situ and ex situ pyrolysis (T = 500-600 ...