BACKGROUND Thyrotoxicosis is both rarer and more severe in children than in adults, rendering management difficult and often unsatisfactory. OBJECTIVE To ascertain outcome in a geographically defined area of Scotland between 1989 and 2014. METHOD Retrospective case note review with follow-up questionnaire to family doctors for patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. RES...

INTRODUCTION Early and durable achievement of euthyroid or hypothyroid status with low likelihood of relapse is the key to effective treatment of Graves' disease (GD). Although antithyroid drugs (ATDs) are commonly used first-line agents, likelihood of remission remains highest with radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy and surgery. Data regarding efficacy and economical superiority of RAI therapy o...

21 Thyroid hormones are essential developmental factors, and Graves’ disease (GD) may 22 severely complicate a pregnancy. This review describes how pregnancy changes the risk of 23 developing GD, how early pregnancy by several mechanisms leads to considerable changes in the 24 results of the thyroid function tests used to diagnose hyperthyroidism, and how these changes may 25 complicate the dia...

In many countries, methimazole (MMI) therapy is the first-line treatment in children with Graves' disease (GD). The rate of side effects of antithyroid drugs (ATDs) in children has been reported to range between 6% and 35%. Of these side effects, polyarthritis is uncommon but serious, and can also develop as a part of the antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis that is induced...

Two patients with neonatal Graves's disease are reported. One of them had a delayed onset because of suppression of the fetal thyroid gland by antithyroid drug taken by the mother during pregnancy. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSAb), measured by a receptor assay, were present in both babies when they were thyrotoxic, and also in their mothers. TSAb were undetectable in both babies 1 yea...

In hyperthyroidism three major treatment modalities are currently available: antithyroid drugs, radioiodine and surgery, each of which presents advantages and restrictions (Surk et al.,1990). RAIT is considered as the most comfortable and economical approach of hyperthyroidism treatment caused by Graves ́ disease or toxic nodular goiter. Such treatment is indicated in patients with/or without fu...

Despite extensive use of iodine-131 ((131)I) treatment for Graves' hyperthyroidism, the optimal regimen of pretreatment with antithyroid drugs is still a matter of discussion. Our aim was to evaluate the success of (131)I treatment in patients with Graves' disease without and with pretreatment with methimazole (MMI). In a prospective randomized study 156 patients with Graves' disease were treat...

Pancytopenia can rarely complicate Grave's disease. It can be due to uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis or as a result of rare side effect of antithyroid medication. Pernicious anemia leading to Vitamin B12 deficiency is another rare associated cause. We report a case of a patient with Grave's disease and undiagnosed pernicious anemia whom was assumed to have antithyroid drug induced pancytopenia. Fai...

Premetamorphic tadpoles of Xenopus laevis reared in water containing 0.01% propylthiouracil are developmentally retarded and metamorphosis is prevented. When uncrowded, they continue to grow to a giant size. Moderate crowding leads to a slower rate of growth. Thus morphologically premetamorphic tadpoles were produced with lens diameters appropriate to either normal premetamorphic, climactic or ...

For many years, breast-feeding was forbidden if antithyroid drugs were being used. Recently, limited studies have shown the relative safety of propylthiouracil and methimazole (MMI). It is not known whether MMI therapy of lactating mothers for 1 yr is safe for breast-fed infants and does not cause alterations in thyroid function and intellectual development. Between 1988 and 1998, 139 thyrotoxi...