passive defense is a set of civilian efforts performed to enhance deterrence, reduce vulnerability, sustain essential activities, promote national stability, and facilitate crisis management against military threats of an enemy. since in battles, sensitive and critical areas of cities are of paramount importance,it is clear that in military agressions, a large part of threats are focused on cit...

objective: active and passive smoking lead to the production of a number of oxidants and antioxidants with various adverse health effects compromising the immune system. tobacco use increases the production of free radicals as well. the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of passive smoking on total antioxidant capacity (tac) of serum and saliva in rats. methods: this experimenta...

This paper studies the effect of flexible linear torso on the dynamics of passive quadruped bounding. A reduced-order passive and conservative model with linear flexible torso and springy legs is introduced. The model features extensive spine deformation during high-speed bounding, resembling those observed in a cheetah. Fixed points corresponding to cyclic bounding motions are found and calcul...

leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. police personnel deployed in the suburbs and rural areas are the most often exposed to the potential risk of cutaneous leishmaniasis. furthermore, since the same police personnel are sent on duty to other places, their migrations can also play a considerable role in the transmission of this disease to th...

introduction : adverse health effects of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ets) among non-smokers have been studied occasionally in developing countries. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of exposure to ets on outcome in pregnancy methods: in this descriptive and analytical study 600 non-smoking women delivering a singleton live baby were studied in delivery room in haja...

In this study, electrochemical behaviour of passive films formed on AISI 316L stainless steel (AISI 316L) in three acidic solutions concentrations (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9M HNO3) under open circuit potential conditions were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization, Mott–Schottky analysis and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The potentiodynamic polarization results showed that...