Tungsten functional paper (TFP), which contains 80% tungsten by weight, has radiation-shielding properties. We investigated the use of TFP for the protection of operators during interventional or therapeutic angiography. The air kerma rate of scattered radiation from a simulated patient was measured, with and without TFP, using a water-equivalent phantom and fixed C-arm fluoroscopy. Measurement...

Background: Absolute dosimetry of external beam radiotherapy is carried out by the use of ionization chambers. These chambers must be calibrated at a standard dosimetry laboratory before any use in clinical dosimetry. The secondary standard dosimetry laboratory of Iran (SSDL) has the duty of calibrating the ionization chambers used in radiotherapy centers in Iran. Materials and Methods...

Absorbed dose rate measurements of a 50 kV(p) handheld X-ray probe source in a water phantom are described. The X-ray generator is capable of currents of up to 40 microA, and is designed for cranial brachytherapy and intraoperative applications with applicators. The measurements were performed in a computer-controlled water phantom in which both the source and the detectors are mounted. Two dif...

The first goal of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the displayed reference plane air kerma (Ka,r) or air kerma-area product (Pk,a) over a broad spectrum of X-ray beam qualities on clinically used interventional fluoroscopes incorporating air kerma-area product meters (KAP meters) to measure X-ray output. The second goal was to investigate the accuracy of a correction coefficient (C...

INTRODUCTION Quality assurance programmes in diagnostic radiology have been increased in the last years due to the fact that the extensive use of X-rays in medicine for diagnosis of injuries and diseases represents the largest manmade source of public exposure to ionizing radiation (1). The assessment and control of the performance characteristics of X-ray generators and tubes is an essential p...

A comparison was made between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Ente per le Nuove Tecnologie l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA) air kerma standards for medium energy x rays and 60Co gamma rays. The comparison took place at ENEA in June 1994. Two different transfer chambers from NIST were used for the comparison. The measurements were made at radiation qualities similar to...

PURPOSE One of the main causes of treatment failures in brachytherapy is incorrect source strength specification in planning system or treatment delivery console. Source strength control is the only scheme to avoid such mistakes. The main aim of this work was to present results of three years of HDR and PDR sources activity control. MATERIAL AND METHODS Study was based on data from 14 192Ir H...

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of estimating the strength of the moving radiation source during patient implantation. The requirement for the counting time was investigated by comparing the results of the measurements for the static source with those for the source moving at 2, 5, 10 and 20 cm s(-1). The utilized source was (125)I with an air-kerma strength of 0.432 U (...