During the past two decades, Robert Allen’s researches into English agriculture have fundamentally reshaped our understanding of the nature and pace of rising agricultural productivity between the late middle ages and the 19th century. More recently, Allen has turned his attention to the study of real wages as a measure of economic development and begun investigating the progress of wages in ot...

The efforts for financial inclusion need to be designed with a vision beyond just the percentage of the country population with access to a bank account or a no frills account; to focus more on how this can enhance the capability and convenience for the un-banked and under-banked, specifically the small and marginal farmers in this case, to enable greater transparency, accountability, efficienc...

The historical experience of many developing countries show that many developing world has not paid enough attention and is not giving serious thought to its agricultural sector. In fact, nearly all the countries that have “undervalued” their agricultural sectors not only failed to grow rapidly, but they all encountered domestic food shortages, balance of payment crisis and some sort of politic...

this study analyzes the contribution of the sectoral total factor productivity growth (tfpg) and the input's growth to the iran's economy sectors growth during 1345 -1383. the major findings show that the average contribution of tfp growth to non-oil output's growth during first, second and third development plans has been 39.5%, 12.2% and 24.8% respectively, amounting to (as est...

By roughly 8,000 calendar years before the present (calBP), hunter-gatherers across a broad swath of north China had begun small-scale farming of broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). According to traditional wisdom, this early millet farming evolved from the intensive hunter-gatherer adaptation represented by the late Pleistocene microblade tradition of nor...