IMPORTANCE Approved medications for alcohol dependence are prescribed for less than 9% of US alcoholics. OBJECTIVE To determine if gabapentin, a widely prescribed generic calcium channel/γ-aminobutyric acid-modulating medication, increases rates of sustained abstinence and no heavy drinking and decreases alcohol-related insomnia, dysphoria, and craving, in a dose-dependent manner. DESIGN, P...

Introduction: With the increase in mobile phone usage in public places, the use of mobile phone jammer has also increased therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of mobile phone jammer on the level of anxiety in mice. Methods: Forty male and 40 female naive mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into four groups (control, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 900+1800 MHz exposures). Ani...

The influence of some effective parameters on the removal efficiency of a 500 liters UASB reactor was investigated. The best conditions to removal the pollution loading is pH=7 and temperature range of 35 to 38°C. The optimal of hydraulic retention time in medium COD amounts (800-1800 mg), is 5 h and in the high COD load (1800-2600 mg) is 6 h. Furthermore, the hydraulic rate is between 0.67-0.8...

The history of the New Zealand biota over the last 7000 years may be divided into three phases. BC 5000 to AD 1000 was a period of comparative ecological stasis. That equilibrium was disrupted between AD 1000 and AD 1800 by the destruction of most of the New Zealand plant-herbivore systems, the co-evolutionary relationship between the plants and the vertebrate herbivores being decoupled by abou...

1.Current Ecological and Social Problems in South America 1.1. Antagonism between Conservation and Development 1.2. The Blindness of Macroeconomic Parameters 2.Diversity and Homogenization in Southern South America since European Colonization 2.1. Three Waves of Eco-Cultural Homogenization: The Case of Southern Chile 2.1.1. European Conquerors (1500–1800) 2.1.2. Independence and Modernization (...

Short wavelength operation (1650-1800 nm) of silica-based thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFAs) is investigated. We report the first demonstration of in-band diode-pumped silica-based TDFAs working in the 1700-1800 nm waveband. Up to 29 dB of small-signal gain is achieved in this spectral region, with an operation wavelength accessible by diode pumping as short as 1710 nm. Further gain extensi...

1 Using rare surnames we follow the socioeconomic status of initial groups of rich, middling, and poor in England from 1800 until 2011. We measure social status through wealth at death, education, and average age at death. Our method allows unbiased estimates of mobility rates. Mobility rates are much lower than conventionally estimated, even for recent generations. There is considerable persis...

Understanding the connections between magnetism and electricity and exploiting that understanding for technological innovation dominated science in the nineteenth century, and yet no one saw it coming. In the index to Butterfield’s classic history of the scientific revolution [3], which he locates roughly from 1300 to 1800, the word “electricity” does not appear. Nobody in 1800 could have imagi...

Aerial emissions from livestock production continue to be an area of concern for both the potential health and environmental impacts. However, information on gaseous, especially greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for swine breeding/gestation and farrowing production facilities is meager. A 4300-sow breeding, gestation, and farrowing facility in Iowa was selected for extensive field monitoring. A Mo...

We synthesized high-resolution precisely-dated stalagmite records and historical document records from north central China to reconstruct a decadal resolution precipitation record during the last 1800 years (190–1980 AD). The synthesized precipitation record shows coincident variations and significant positive correlations with the temperature reconstructions on centennialto multidecadal-scale,...