Subjects, methods, and results In 1988-9 we interviewed a random sample of 1751 men serving a prison sentence (5% of the population) about drug use in the six months before arrest. Dependence on a drug was defined as in the previous study. Drug users were asked about previous contact with treatment agencies and their current attitude towards treatment. A question about drug use within prison wa...

Two-step anodization of transparent TiO2 nanotube arrays has been demonstrated with aid of a Nb-doped TiO2 buffer layer deposited between the Ti layer and TCO substrate. Enhanced physical adhesion and electrochemical stability provided by the buffer layer has been found to be important for successful implementation of the two-step anodization process. With the proposed approach, the morphology ...

The purpose of this cross-sectional observational study was to identify characteristics of caregivers of elderly people with dementia, types of care demands and to relate demands to the stage of dementia. The study was carried out in 2004 with 104 older adults and 90 caregivers in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo. The OARS instrument was utilized and a questionnaire answered by caregivers. Am...

In an e¤ort to stimulate more attractive football, the international football association FIFA, has introduced several new rules over the past decades. One of the most recent rule change is the introduction of the ”sudden death” or ”golden goal” rule for games going into overtime. This paper analyses under which conditions, if any, the introduction of the sudden death rule improves the attracti...

OBJECTIVES To describe the incidence and extent of lying on the floor for a long time after being unable to get up from a fall among people aged over 90; to explore their use of call alarm systems in these circumstances. DESIGN 1 year follow-up of participants in a prospective cohort study of ageing, using fall calendars, phone calls, and visits. SETTING Participants' usual place of residen...

In mouse, the establishment of left-right (LR) asymmetry requires intracellular calcium (Ca(i)(2+)) enrichment on the left of the node. The use of Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry by other vertebrates, and its origins and relationship to other laterality effectors are largely unknown. Additionally, the architecture of Hensen's node raises doubts as to whether Ca(i)(2+) asymmetry is a broadly conserved mecha...