Recent reports on the three-dimensional structure of secondary transporters have dramatically increased our knowledge of the translocation mechanism of ions and solutes. The structures of five transporters at atomic resolution have yielded four different folds and as many different translocation mechanisms. The structure of the glutamate transporter homologue GltPh confirmed the role of pore-lo...

Most metazoa use hexose transporters to acquire hexoses from their diet and as a transport form for distributing carbon and energy within their bodies; insects use trehalose, and plants use sucrose as their major form for translocation. Plant genomes contain at least three families of mono- and disaccharide transporters: monosaccharide/polyol transporters that are evolutionary closely related t...

To examine the role of glucose transport proteins in cellular insulin resistance, we studied subcutaneous adipocytes isolated from lean control, obese control (body mass index [BMI] 33.4 +/- 0.9), and untreated obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients (BMI 35.2 +/- 2.1; fasting glucose 269 +/- 20 mg/dl). Glucose transporters were measured in plasma membrane (PM), low-densi...

Significance The NSS (neurotransmitter sodium symporter) or SLC6 family comprises a group of plasma membrane transport proteins that includes transporters for amino acid and amine neurotransmitters. Transporters in this use transmembrane ion gradients as driving forces intracellular accumulation their substrates. Although all Na + ions transport, large subset also requires Cl − ions. is known t...

Proteomic profiling of Sengers patient fibroblasts and AGK knockout models identifies remodeling the mitochondrial proteome, including one-carbon metabolism enzymes, inner membrane serine transporters, sideroflexins, Complex I subunits assembly factors.

The number of known glucose transporters has expanded considerably over the past 2 years. At least three, and up to six, Na+-dependent glucose transporters (SGLT1-SGLT6; gene name SLC5A) have been identified. Similarly, thirteen members of the family of facilitative sugar transporters (GLUT1-GLUT12 and HMIT; gene name SLC2A) are now recognised. These various transporters exhibit different subst...

Etravirine is a novel nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) for the treatment of HIV-1 infections. ABC transporters potentially mediate clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. We assessed substrate characteristics and the inhibitory and inductive potential of etravirine on ABC transporters. Etravirine did not inhibit P-gp/ABCB1 and was not transported by the tested ABC trans...

The movement of drugs across biological membranes is mediated by two major classes of membrane transporters. Primary-active, ABC (ATP-binding cassette) multidrug transporters are dependent on ATP-binding/hydrolysis, whereas secondary-active multidrug transporters are coupled to the proton (or sodium)-motive force that exists across the plasma membrane. Recent work on LmrA, an ABC multidrug tran...

The mycotoxin, ochratoxin A (OTA), is thought to be responsible for Balkan endemic nephropathy. OTA accumulates in several tissues, especially in the kidneys and liver. The excretion of OTA into urine is thought to be mainly by tubular secretion, presumably via the organic anion transport system. Recently, several families of multispecific organic anion transporters have been identified: organi...

The transcriptome of embryonic and adult rat lateral ventricular choroid plexus, using a combination of RNA-Sequencing and microarray data, was analyzed by functional groups of influx transporters, particularly solute carrier (SLC) transporters. RNA-Seq was performed at embryonic day (E) 15 and adult with additional data obtained at intermediate ages from microarray analysis. The largest repres...