OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a significant difference in outcomes of clinical trials funded by industry or not of antimuscarinic medications used to treat overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms and detrusor overactivity (DOA). METHODS A Medline search was conducted from January 1966 to June 2003 to identify human clinical trials of oxybutynin and tolterodine published in English. Randomized ...

Trospium chloride is a quaternary ammonium compound, which is a competitive antagonist at muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Preclinical studies using porcine and human detrusor muscle strips demonstrated that trospium chloride was many-fold more potent than oxybutynin and tolterodine in inhibiting contractile responses to carbachol and electrical stimulation. The drug is poorly bioavailable ora...

A new rapid, simple, sensitive, selective and accurate reversed-phase stability-indicating Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-UPLC) technique was developed for the assay of Tolterodine Tartrate in pharmaceutical dosage form, human plasma and urine samples. The developed UPLC method is superior in technology to conventional HPLC with respect to speed, solvent consumption, resolution and...

BACKGROUND Overactive bladder (OAB) is highly prevalent and is associated with considerable morbidity and reduced health-related quality of life. β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) stimulation is a novel alternative to antimuscarinic therapy for OAB. OBJECTIVE The objective of this analysis was to assess the cost effectiveness of the β3-AR agonist mirabegron relative to tolterodine extended relea...

Although in vitro studies show that muscarinic M(3) receptors primarily mediate the effects of acetylcholine on gastrointestinal contractility, the muscarinic receptor subtypes regulating gastrointestinal motor activity and transit in humans in vivo are unclear. We hypothesized that muscarinic M(3)-specific but not nonspecific receptor antagonists would delay gastrointestinal and colonic transi...

BACKGROUND Storage symptoms, associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), often co-exist with voiding symptoms in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Storage symptoms are likely to be most bothersome, and may not be adequately resolved by treatment with α-blocker or antimuscarinic monotherapy. A recent randomised controlled phase 3 trial (NEPTUNE) demonstrated that a fixed-dose...

The anticholinergics tolterodine and oxybutynin are well established in the management of overactive bladder. However, their activity at muscarinic receptors distant from the target site (i.e., bladder) produces anticholinergic side effects leading to poor tolerability. In 2004, trospium, solifenacin, and darifenacin were approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ov...

Hypothesis / aims of study Fesoterodine is a relatively novel antimuscarinic agent for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) [1]. When administered orally, fesoterodine is rapidly and extensively converted to its active metabolite, 5-hydroxymethyl tolterodine (5-HMT), which is also an active metabolite of tolterodine [2]. Our recent study with radioligand binding assay has shown that fesote...

A simple and accurate reverse phase liquid chromatographic method was developed for the determination of related substances, degradants and assay of Tolterodine Tartarate active pharmaceutical ingredient used in the treatment of urinary incontinence. A HPLC method was developed for the separation of related substances, degradants obtained from samples generated after stress degradation and also...