Elevated plasma levels of cytokines have been demonstrated in inflammatory, malignant, and infectious diseases. These disease states are often associated with abnormal lipid metabolism and reductions in plasma cholesterol levels. To determine if inflammatory cytokines could influence hepatic lipid metabolism, we evaluated low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor function and gene expression in cy...

We studied the expression of the two tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, p55 and p75, on B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and the presence of soluble TNF receptors in serum. Expression of membrane-associated receptors was quantified by double labeling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with monoclonal antibodies against CD19 and p55/p75 TNF receptors a...

Because retinoids are known to modulate the growth and differentiation effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), we investigated the effect of all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) on the cell surface expression of TNF receptors in human histiocytic lymphoma U-937 cells. RA decreased the specific binding of 125I-labeled TNF to these cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The maximal decrease occurred...

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) increases epithelial permeability in many model systems. Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes regulate epithelial barrier function and alter ligand-receptor interactions. We sought to define the impact of PKC on TNF-induced barrier dysfunction in T84 intestinal epithelia. TNF induced a dose- and time-dependent fall in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and an inc...

Receptor-interacting protein (RIP) plays a critical role in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced NF-kappaB activation. However, the mechanism by which RIP mediates TNF-alpha-induced signal transduction is not fully understood. In this study, we reconstituted RIP-deficient Jurkat T cells with a fusion protein composed of full-length MEKK3 and the death domain of RIP (MEKK3-DD). In the...

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) play vital roles in tumor receptor (TNF-R) and interleukin-1 receptor/Toll-like (IL-1R/TLR) mediated signaling pathway. However, the role that TRAF7 plays host immune responses is largely unknown comparison to extensive in-depth research has been conducted on other members of TRAF family. Notably, Lc -TRAF7, a cloned ortholog, was discov...

This study aimed to investigate the expression of tumour necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) at the gene and surface level, and its shedding in human lung tissue and a pulmonary epithelial cell line, A549. Levels of gene expression of TNF-R were evaluated by Northern blot analysis. Human lung tissue expressed both type I and type II TNF-R gene, while A549 cells expressed only type I TNF-R gene. Ph...

Gastric enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells are histamine-producing cells in the gastric epithelium which are responsible for the peripheral regulation of acid secretion. The gastric mucosa is frequently infected with Helicobacter pylori, leading to increased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The aim of our current study was to identify the effect of...