here, we propose an add-drop and a channel drop filter based on two-dimensional photonic crystal all circular ring resonators. these structures are made of a square lattice of silicon rods with the refractive index n1=3.464 surrounded by air (with refractive index n2=1). the broadest photonic band gap occurs at the filling ratio of r/a = 0.17. two linear defect w1 waveguides couple to the ring....

‎in this paper‎, ‎the notion of the radical of a filter in‎ ‎residuated lattices is defined and several characterizations of‎ ‎the radical of a filter are given‎. ‎we show that if f is a‎ ‎positive implicative filter (or obstinate filter)‎, ‎then‎ ‎rad(f)=f‎. ‎we proved the extension theorem for radical of filters in residuated lattices‎. ‎also‎, ‎we study the radical‎ ‎of filters in linearly o...

in this paper, we proposed a novel structure for designing all optical filter based on photonic crystal structure. in designing the proposed filter, we simply employed a point defect localized between input and output waveguides as wavelength selecting part of the filter. the initial form of this filter is capable of selecting optical waves at =1560 nm, the transmission efficiency of the filte...

Tri(1-cyclohepta-2,4,6-trienyl)phosphane, P(C7H7)3 (1), serves as a bidentate chelating ligand [P] in platinum(II) and palladium(II) complexes. Here the synthesis of the four dichalcogenolene complexes [P]M[E2C2(CO2Me)2] (4) (M = Pt) and 5 (M = Pd) with E = S (a) and Se (b) from the reaction of the respective dicyclopentadienyltitanium dichalcogenolenes, Cp2Ti[E2C2(CO2Me)2], and [P]MCl2 with M ...

filter is one of the main components of embankment dams. by a simple but effective performance, filter protects the dam against erosion and soil scouring in impervious core caused by leakage (piping) and makes it safe. interaction between filter and erodible base soil is a complex phenomenon which is dependent upon several factors, and has challenged researchers for better understanding the fil...

the error of inertial navigation systems increase versus time, therefore for achieving higher accuracy specially in long time navigations we have to use an aiding system. global positioning system is the best aiding system in this case. in this paper we first simulate a gps and ins; then simulate tightly integration and finally review adaptation method of kalman filtering a fuzzy adaptive kalma...

in this article, the effect of cells' radius on the behavior of wavelength switching optical filter andthe effect of the radius of the optical filters' key characteristics such as wavelength resonance onan optical filter based on photonic crystals, have been investigated. currently, the most commonapplied mechanism for designing optical filter based on photonic crystals is using twomechanisms s...

annihilation or reduction of each kind of noise blended in correct data signals is a field that has attracted many researchers. it is a fact that fuzzy theory presents full capability in this field. fuzzy filters are often strong in smoothing corrupted signals, whereas they have simple structures. in this paper, a new powerful yet simple fuzzy procedure is introduced for sharpness reduction in ...