PURPOSE The 2.2-mm microincision cataract surgery and small-gauge vitrectomy system is known to result in less surgically-induced astigmatism (SIA) in comparison to conventional surgical methods. We compared the amounts of SIA after combined phacoemulsification and 23-gauge transconjunctival sutureless vitrectomy (23G-TSV) using the 2.2-mm microincision and 2.75-mm standard incision methods. ...

BACKGROUND Safety is an important consideration for the clinical application of dendritic cells (DC) loaded with autologous tumor lysate (TL). Thus, avitalization of TL from living autologous tumor tissue has to be guaranteed. METHODS Composition of TL was investigated by static image analysis (SIA) with the Morphologi G3 device, which simultaneously measures size and shape of up to 100,000 p...

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), almost always from a rupture of a saccular intracranial aneurysm (sIA), affects the working-age population. The reported incidence is 4 to 7 per 100 000, but it is 3× higher in Finland. Subsequent mortality is high: 22% at 1 month and 27% at 12 months in our series of 1657 patients, mainly because of poor condition and signs of brain injury on admissio...

Under conditions of increased excitability, such as application of the K(+) channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 100 microM), interneurons in the hippocampal slice show an additional form of synchronized activity that is distinct from the ictal and interictal epileptiform activity induced by these manipulations. In principal neurons, i.e., pyramidal and granule cells, this synchronized intern...

CD22 is a B cell-restricted glycoprotein involved in signal transduction and modulation of cellular activation. It is also an I-type lectin (now designated Siglec-2), whose extracellular domain can specifically recognize alpha2-6-linked sialic acid (Sia) residues. This activity is postulated to mediate intercellular adhesion and/or to act as a coreceptor in antigen-induced B cell activation. Ho...

Introduction Cataract surgery has undergone various advances since it was evolved from ancient couching to the modern phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) remains one of the most common complications. The introduction of sutureless clear corneal incision has gained increasing popularity worldwide because it offers several advantages over the traditional sut...

Many microbial pathogens and toxins recognize animal cells via cell surface sialic acids (Sias) that are 2–3or 2–8-linked to the underlying glycan chain. Human influenza A/B viruses are unusual in preferring 2–6linked Sias, undergoing a switch from 2–3 linkage preference during adaptation from animals to humans. This correlates with the expression of 2–6-linked Sias on ciliated human airway epi...

In a recent paper in this journal, Ken Olum attempts to refute the Doomsday argument by appealing to the self-indication assumption (SIA), the idea that your very existence gives you reason to think that there are many observers. In contrast to earlier refutation attempts that use this strategy, Olum confronts and try to counter some of the objections that have been made against SIA. We argue t...

and reduces assay time and cost. It may also enhance the assessment of methionine loading as a tool for the investigation of hyperhomo-cystinemia and the potential role of methionine as an antioxidant [14 ]. It offers a rapid and simple alternative to the separate assay of methionine by conventional amino acid chromatography or tandem mass spectrom-etry [15 ] and is an attractive alternative to...