BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) aid therapeutic decision making in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who lose response to anti-TNF therapy. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and predictive factors of loss of response (LOR) to adalimumab using TDM in IBD patients. METHODS One hundred twelve IBD patients (with 214 TDM measurements, CD/UC 84/28, male/female 50/62, m...

BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) makes use of serum drug concentrations as an adjunct to decision-making. Preliminary data in our hospital showed that approximately one-fifth of all drugs monitored by TDM service were gentamicin. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the costs associated with providing the service in patients with bronchopneumonia and treated with gentamicin. ME...

The number of trips on highways and urban networks has significantly increased in the recent decades in many cities across the world. At the same time, the road network capacities have not kept up with this increase in travel demand. Urban road networks in many countries are severely congested, resulting in increased travel times, increased number of stops, unexpected delays, greater travel cos...

BACKGROUND Since the early 1970s therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of anti-epilepsy drug (AED) levels has been available to assist in the review process of patients with epilepsy. Routine blood levels were not part of the Quality and Outcomes Framework in the New GP Contract, neither have they been generally recommended in National Guidelines (NICE and SIGN) for the management of patients with ...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the cost-effectiveness of vancomycin serum concentration monitoring in patients with hematologic malignancies. METHODS The study was designed as a prospective randomized study. Seventy immunocompromised febrile patients with hematologic malignancies were randomly assigned to either a vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring group (TDM group; n = 37) or to a contro...

triamidefon is a triazole derivative, which have both fungicidal and plant growth regulator (pgr) properties, and also protect plants from several types of abiotic stresses. the influential mechanism of triamidefon on plants is not much studied. in this study effect of this compound on the drought stressed in tomato plants was investigated. the plants were subjected to 5 day interval drought st...

OBJECTIVES Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of voriconazole is recommended to achieve trough concentrations of 1-5 mg/L. In children, this is challenging due to age-related variability in voriconazole pharmacokinetics. This study describes our experience with voriconazole, focusing on dosing regimens, dose adjustment and TDM. METHODS We reviewed the medical records of immunocompromised child...

Blood (serum/plasma) antiepileptic drug (AED) therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has proven to be an invaluable surrogate marker for individualizing and optimizing the drug management of patients with epilepsy. Since 1989, there has been an exponential increase in AEDs with 23 currently licensed for clinical use, and recently, there has been renewed and extensive interest in the use of saliva as...

Presently, digital signal process strategies are wide studied and varied DSP primarily based schemes are appointive for next-generation passive optical network (PON). A hybrid technique is projected which mixes time-division-multiplexing (TDM) design with advanced DSP strategies to attain high spectrum-efficiency colorless transmission. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with fre...

It has been long recognized that large inter-individual variability is commonly observed in response to drug administration. The large response variability of certain drugs with narrow margin of safety may induce toxicity. To avoid this and to optimize the result of drug treatment, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) service has been routinely applied in hospitals in well-developed countries. For...