Whole bone morphology, cortical geometry, and tissue material properties modulate skeletal stresses and strains that in turn influence skeletal physiology and remodeling. Understanding how bone stiffness, the relationship between applied load and tissue strain, is regulated by developmental changes in bone structure and tissue material properties is important in implementing biophysical strateg...

Our previous experimental results (A. M. Boriek, S. Lui, and J. R. Rodarte. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 527-533, 1993 and A. M. Boriek, T. A. Wilson, and J. R. Rodarte. J. Appl. Physiol. 76: 223-229, 1994) showed that 1) costal diaphragm shape is similar at functional residual capacity and end inspiration regardless of whether the diaphragm muscle shortens actively (increased tension) or passively (d...

High-strength concrete is a material often used in the construction of high rise buildings. In the case of unexpected fire, the building concrete elements such as columns, slab and walls will be subjected to extreme temperatures. In order to assess the performance of high-rise reinforced concrete members it is important to understand the changes in the concrete properties due to extreme tempera...

Rigidization of inflatable space structures via internal resistive heating requires carbon fiber reinforced material to consolidate and cure on-command. In terms of the spacecraft’s life, the rigidization process transforms a structurally weak “balloon” into a robust, stable design. Internal resistive heating provides an active approach for inducing permanent shapeholding and structural stiffen...

To describe detailed behaviour of cell spreading under the influence of substrate stiffness, A549 cells cultured on the surfaces of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) with bulk rigidities ranging from 0.1 kPa to 40 kPa were in situ observed. The spreading behaviour of cells on PAAm presented a positive correlation between spreading speed and substrate stiffness. After computi...

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic disease characterized by fragile bones, skeletal deformities and, in severe cases, prenatal death that affects more than 1 in 10,000 individuals. Here we show by full atomistic simulation in explicit solvent that OI mutations have a significant influence on the mechanical properties of single tropocollagen molecules, and that the severity of different f...

In this study, the elastic stiffness and the degree of anisotropy will be compared for the femur human and bovine bones are presented. A scale for measuring the overall elastic stiffness of the bone at different locations is introduced and its correlation with the calculated bulk modulus is analyzed. Based on constructing orthonormal tensor basis elements using the form-invariant expressions, t...

Abstract A cross‐scale homogenization approach for multi‐phase materials is to calculate an effective material stiffness in the smaller scale multiple states. These detailed results are used identify a calculation rule larger scale. The of matrix using ABAQUS 3D finite elements was already described by [1]. This can be transferred 2D ℝ 3×3 without much effort. However, some require specificatio...

Abstract Biological structures integrate morphometry (shape-based rules) with materials design to maximize organism survival. The exoskeleton of the armored fish, Polypterus senegalus , balances flexibility protection from predatory and territorial threats. Material properties are known; however, geometric rules underlying its anisotropic uncharacterized. Here, we show how scale shape, articula...

Nucleus replacement by a synthetic material is a recent trend for treatment of lower back pain. Hydrogel nucleus implants were prepared with variations in implant modulus, height, and diameter Human lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) were tested in compression for intact, denucleated, and implanted condition. Implantation of nucleus implants with different material and geometric parameters into...