The objective of this paper is to investigate the accuracy of WinSmash delta-V estimates as a function of crash mode, vehicle body type, and vehicle stiffness. The accuracy of WinSmash delta-V estimates was evaluated for 121 NASS/CDS 2000-2003 cases for which direct measurements of delta-V had been retrieved from an Event Data Recorder on the case vehicle. WinSmash was found to underestimate de...

A linear full elliptic second order Partial Differential Equation (PDE), defined on a d-dimensional domain Ω, is approximated by the isogeometric Galerkin method based on uniform tensor-product Bsplines of degrees (p1, . . . , pd). The considered approximation process leads to a d-level stiffness matrix, banded in a multilevel sense. This matrix is close to a d-level Toeplitz structure when the...

In this paper, natural frequencies and dynamic response of thick beams made of saturated porous materials resting on viscoelastic foundation are investigated for the first time. The beam is modeled using higher-order beam theory. Kelvin-voight model is used to model the viscoelastic foundation. Distribution of porosity along the thickness is considered in two different patterns, which are symme...

Designing structures that have minimal or zero coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) are useful in many engineering applications. Zero thermal expansion is achievable with the design of porous materials. The behavior is primarily stretch-dominated, resulting in favorable stiffness. Two and three-dimensional lattices are designed using ribs consisting of straight tubes containing two nested sh...

This paper presents a simple procedure that can be used to determine the stiffness matrix of 6R serial manipulator in selected points of the work space with joint stiffness coefficients taking into account. Elastokinematical model for the robot manipulator FANUC S-420F was considered as spatial and serial kinematical chain composed of six rigid links, connected by ideal revolute joint (without ...

We identify “spurious” states in meson-baryon scattering, those that appear in QCD for Nc > 3 but decouple for Nc = 3. The key observation is that the relevant flavor SU(3) Clebsch-Gordan coefficients contain factors of 1−3/Nc. We show that this method works even if SU(3) is badly broken. We also observe that resonant scattering poles lying outside naive quark model multiplets are not necessari...

A two-level preconditioning method for the solution of (locally) refined finite element schemes using triangle meshes is introduced. In the isotropic SPD case, it is shown that the condition number of the preconditioned stiffness matrix is bounded uniformly for all sufficiently regular triangulations. This is also verified numerically for an isotropic diffusion problem with highly discontinuous...

In a previous paper, we proposed the impedance perception technique, by which the stiffness matrix that constrains the motion-force relation of the robot’s end-effector is estimated on-line, and the uncertainties of the estimates are evaluated. Based on this technique, this paper proposes a method of extracting information on local properties of a cylindrical curved surface, including normal di...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the intertherapist reliability of judgments of stiffness and pain at L-1 to L-5 made using posteroanterior (PA) central pressure testing. SUBJECTS Three pairs of manipulative physical therapists with a minimum of 5 years of experience were asked to rate pain and stiffness in a total of 90 patients with low back pain. METHODS ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of a novel stiffness assessment tool implemented in the driven gait orthosis Paediatric Lokomat; to investigate the influence of single robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) on muscle stiffness in children with cerebral palsy (CP). METHODS Ten children with spastic CP conducted a single standard RAGT session and stiffness was assessed before...