A sensitive radioimmunoassay utilizing Staphylococcus aureus cells containing protein A as a coprecipitant was developed for the detection and quantitation of staphylococcal enterotoxins A, B, C, D, and E in a variety of foods. The enterotoxins were extracted from the foods by a simple and rapid procedure. The sensitivity of the assay is 1.0 ng or less of enterotoxin per g of food.

Two cases of scarlet fever are described, both following super-infection of chickenpox. Enterotoxin B and C producing staphylococci were the only pathogens identified. The role of staphylococcal and streptococcal toxins in the pathogenesis of scarlet fever and toxic shock syndrome is discussed.

Frea, James I. (University of Wisconsin, Madison), Elizabeth McCoy, and F. M. Strong. Purification of type B staphylococcal enterotoxin. J. Bacteriol. 86:1308-1313. 1963.-A procedure for the production and isolation of type B staphylococcal enterotoxin in yields up to 4 mg per liter of toxic culture is presented. Staphylococcus aureus S6 was grown in shake flask cultures at 37 C for 24 hr in a ...

A direct system for screening large numbers of staphylococcal isolates for enterotoxin production has been developed. The system employs polyvalent (serotypes A, B, C, D, and E) immunodiffusion assay slides in conjunction with a multiple-culturing system for toxin production. With the combined system, as many as 50 cultures can be screened simultaneously on a single assay slide having a sensiti...

BACKGROUND Camelids and sharks possess a unique subclass of antibodies comprised of only heavy chains. The antigen binding fragments of these unique antibodies can be cloned and expressed as single domain antibodies (sdAbs). The ability of these small antigen-binding molecules to refold after heating to achieve their original structure, as well as their diminutive size, makes them attractive ca...

Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin D is one of the serotypes most commonly associated with food poisoning. Further characterization of the enterotoxin D-encoding plasmid revealed the presence of an open reading frame which encodes a previously unidentified enterotoxin, designated staphylococcal enterotoxin J (SEJ). SEJ is a protein of 269 amino acid residues which has substantial sequence simila...

BACKGROUND An accurate and prompt diagnosis of bacterial arthritis is essential for earlier treatment and a good outcome. Superantigens produced by Staph. Aureus are among the most lethal toxins. The paper objective was Identification of common bacterial antigens and S.aureus superantigens in synovial fluid (SF) of children with negative culture and direct smear for other bacteria except for S....

Staphylococcus(S.) aureus produces different extra-cellular protein toxins and virulence factors. One of the most important extra-cellular proteins is an enterotoxin which causes staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP) due to their enterotoxins. Different methods have been used to detect this toxin, each of which has advantages and disadvantages. DNA amplification methods, however, can show the pre...