every year large amounts of grapes are stores in normal and cold rooms to offer off-season of grapes to the market which based on several reasons their quality and weight greatly decreases. therefore, in order to decrease the post harvest losses of grapes and selection of suitable cultivars for long time storage, this study was conducted in two experiments, one in a factorial experiment based o...

Transverse single spin asymmetries of particles produced in p+p^{\uparrow} p+p↑ collisions provide insight on the partonic and momentum structure hadrons; heavy flavor electrons access to initial state ...

Title of Dissertation: On-Chip Thermoelectric Cooling of Semiconductor Hot Spot Peng Wang, Doctor of Philosophy, 2007 Directed By: Professor Avram Bar-Cohen Assistant Professor Bao Yang Department of Mechanical Engineering The Moore’s Law progression in semiconductor technology, including shrinking feature size, increasing transistor density, and faster circuit speeds, is leading to increasing ...

Test results are presented of a pixel array detector (PAD) developed for x-ray imaging at the Stanford Linear Coherent Light Source (LCLS). The basic module of the PAD consists of two bump-bonded chips: a reverse-biased silicon diode chip of 185× 194 pixels, each of which is coupled by bump-bonds to a charge integrating CMOS ASIC with digitization in each pixel. The LCLS experiment requires a h...

For LOCOS application, silicon nitride (SiNx) insulators have been deposited by ECR–CVD at room temperature and with N2 flows of 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 sccm on pad-SiO2/Si or on Si substrates. The obtained SiNx/Si structures were used to analyze the SiNx characteristics. FTIR analyses reveal the presence of Si–N and N–H bonds. The refractive indexes between 1.88 and 2.48 and the thickness between 12...

Key Points  Loss or injury of pad tissue, despite an otherwise normal limb, can result in complete loss of limb function, so preserving pad function is critical for most small animals.  Skin around the pad may in some cases be able to adapt to function similar to pad tissue but it is generally accepted that adjacent skin is not a suitable replacement for lost pad tissue, particularly in activ...

Knowledge of both surface structure and physical properties such as stiffness and elasticity are essential to understanding any adhesive system. In this study of an adhesion surface in the tree frog, Litoria caerulea White, a variety of techniques including atomic force microscopy were used to investigate the microstructure and properties of an epithelium that adheres through wet adhesion. Lito...

Free-space Quantum key distribution (QKD) has shown the potential for the practical production of cryptographic key for ultra-secure communications. The performance of any QKD system is ultimately limited by the signal to noise ratio on the single-photon channel, and over most useful communications links the resulting key rates are impractical for performing continuous one-time-pad encryption o...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the association of family history of peripheral artery disease (PAD) with PAD prevalence and severity. BACKGROUND PAD is a significant public health problem. Shared genetic and environmental factors may play an important role in the development of PAD. However, family history of PAD has not been investigated adequately. METHODS The San D...

Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is prevalent in the Medicare population and is associated with high rates of myocardial infarction, stroke, amputation, and death. Nevertheless, national health expenditures for PAD are not known. We hypothesized that PAD-related costs are high, increase with age, and that treatment rates would be less than known PAD prevalence. The objective wa...