A meta-analysis comparing the persuasiveness of one-sided and two-sided messages was conducted. Based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model it was hypothesized that audience favorability would moderate the effectiveness of the messages. However, the Discounting Hypothesis predicted increased persuasiveness for the two-sided message. The analysis Indicated the existence of two types of operational...

The aim of the paper is to propose a framework for the structure of persuasive communication based on the Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM) by Petty and Cacioppo, the Inference Anchoring Theory (IAT) by Budzynska and Reed and the Interpersonal (IP-) Argumentation Model by Budzynska. The ELM suggests that there are two routes to persuasion: central and peripheral. IAT assumes that communication...

This paper evaluates two different approaches for the elaboration of semantic classes. The framework is an Information Extraction, which needs large amount of domain-dependent resources. An endogenous approach (corpus-based learning) is contrasted with a heterogeneous one (the use of a large semantic network). The two techniques are evaluated. Cet article vise à évaluer deux approches différent...

This paper addresses the elaboration of a relation-logical compositional semantics for the meaning content of nominals using formal ontologies as semantic domains. Prepositions are conceived as denoting binary semantic role relations between concepts in the ontology. The ontology comes with ontological affinities specifying the admissible ontological combinations. The key idea is to establish a...

A fundamental challenge in the study of learning and memory is to understand the role of existing knowledge in the encoding and retrieval of new episodic information. The importance of prior knowledge in memory is demonstrated in the congruency effect-the robust finding wherein participants display better memory for items that are compatible, rather than incompatible, with their pre-existing se...

The extent to which memory for information content is reliable, trustworthy, and accurate is crucial in the information age. Being forced to divert attention to interrupting messages is common, however, and can cause memory loss. The memory effects of interrupting messages were investigated in three experiments. In Experiment 1, attending to an interrupting message decreased memory accuracy. Ex...

Other-race faces are less accurately recognized than same race faces but classified faster by race. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), we captured the brain temporal dynamics of face classification by race processing performed by 12 Caucasian participants. As expected, participants were faster to classify by race Asian than Caucasian faces. ERPs results identified the occurrence of the othe...

The likelihood of false recall in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm was shown to depend on encoding context in two experiments. When fillers had been preselected to decrease the likelihood of encoding the critical lure's semantic features, false recall was virtually eliminated. However, when the same words were presented rearranged in different presentation orders, levels of false rec...

Frontal contributions to cognitive decline in aging were explored using functional MRI. Frontal regions active in younger adults during self-initiated (intentional) memory encoding were under-recruited in older adults. Older adults showed less activity in anterior-ventral regions associated with controlled use of semantic information. Under-recruitment was reversed by requiring semantic elabora...

Models that rely exclusively on static representations cannot account fully for the flexibility of human analogymaking. More sophisticated models should provide mechanisms for dynamic extension, elaboration, and rerepresentation of episodes. One such mechanism—the instantiation mechanism—is described. It uses the target problem as a template for extending the source and vice versa. These extens...