BACKGROUND Shigella, the causative agent of shigellosis, is a major global public health concern, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation. A comprehensive and current understanding of the prevalent species and serotypes of shigellosis is essential for both disease prevention and vaccine development. However, no current data are available on the causative species/serotypes of s...

Diarrheal disease is one of the main causes of death in developing countries. This study was performed to the prevalence of bacterial causes of diarrhea in patients admitted to the Military hospitals and Imam Khomeini Medical Center Hospital. This cross-sectional study was conducted in a period of 9 months from June 2014 to February 2015, 435 non-duplicative diarrheal stool samples were collect...

Several candidate vaccines against Shigella spp. are in development, but the lack of a clear correlate of protection from challenge with the induction of adequate immune responses among the youngest age groups in the developing world has hampered Shigella vaccine development over the past several decades. Bioconjugation technology, exploited here for an Shigella flexneri 2a candidate vaccine, o...

Shigella infection has been occurring in both epidemic and sporadic forms on Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India (92 to 94°E longitude, 6 to 14°N latitude; Bay of Bengal). Although acute gastrointestinal infection clinically resembling shigellosis has been reported on the islands frequently, bacteriological surveillance was only started in 1994. The surveillance data showed that shigellosis is...

BACKGROUNDS Shigellosis remains an important public health problem in developing countries with S. sonnei and S. flexneri in US, Europe and in Asian countries being of importance. OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the protective effect of Lactobacillus casei cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) against multiple drug resistance (MDR) clinical samples of Shigella sonnei and Shigella flexneri in ...

OBJECTIVES To analyse the gene cassettes and determine the roles of class 1 and class 2 integrons in antibiotic-resistant strains of Shigella sonnei (n=31) and Shigella flexneri (n=33). METHODS Various molecular techniques, including PCR and Southern-blotting analysis, were used to analyse various markers of class 1 and class 2 integrons in these 64 S. sonnei and S. flexneri isolates collecte...

BACKGROUND Shigellosis (previously bacillary dysentery) was the primary diarrhoeal disease of World War 1, but outbreaks still occur in military operations, and shigellosis causes hundreds of thousands of deaths per year in developing nations. We aimed to generate a high-quality reference genome of the historical Shigella flexneri isolate NCTC1 and to examine the isolate for resistance to antim...

background: shigella spp. are gram negative bacteria, which are of global public health importance. the growing of multidrug-resistant shigella isolates are a major problemaround the world. methods: overall, 50 isolates of shigella spp. from children diarrheic stools were studied. the isolates were identified and confirmed using biochemical, serological and molecular methods (ipah, wbgz and rfc...

Proper protein localization is critical for bacterial virulence. PhoN2 is a virulence-associated ATP-diphosphohydrolase (apyrase) involved in IcsA-mediated actin-based motility of S. flexneri. Herein, by analyzing a ΔphoN2 mutant of the S. flexneri strain M90T and by generating phoN2::HA fusions, we show that PhoN2, is a periplasmic protein that strictly localizes at the bacterial poles, with a...

Shigella flexneri is a diarrheal pathogen that causes a large disease burden worldwide. We sequenced the genome of the publicly available type strain (S. flexneri 2a strain 24570) of this bacterial species to increase its utility as a reference. We present genome assembly results and comparisons with other reference strains.